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1 ἁμαρτία

ἁμαρτία, ίας, ἡ (w. mngs. ranging fr. involuntary mistake/ error to serious offenses against a deity: Aeschyl., Antiphon, Democr.+; ins fr. Cyzicus JHS 27, 1907, p. 63 [III B.C.] ἁμαρτίαν μετανόει; PLips 119 recto, 3; POxy 1119, 11; LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 12:14; ParJer, ApcEsdr, ApcSed, ApcMos; EpArist 192; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 69 al.; Ar. [Milne 76, 42]; Just., A I, 61, 6; 10; 66, 1, D. 13, 1 al.; Tat. 14, 1f; 20, 1; Mel., P. 50, 359; 55, 400; s. ClR 24, 1910, 88; 234; 25, 1911, 195–97).

① a departure fr. either human or divine standards of uprightness

ⓐ sin (w. context ordinarily suggesting the level of heinousness), the action itself (ἁμάρτησις s. prec.), as well as its result (ἁμάρτημα), πᾶσα ἀδικία ἁ. ἐστίν 1J 5:17 (cp. Eur., Or. 649; Gen 50:17). ἁ. w. ἀνομήματα Hv 1, 3, 1; descr. as ἀνομία (cp. Ps 58:3; TestJob 43:17) 1J 3:4; but one who loves is far from sin Pol 3:3, cp. Js 5:20; 1 Pt 4:8, 1 Cl 49:5; Agr 13. ἀναπληρῶσαι τὰς ἁ. fill up the measure of sins (Gen 15:16) 1 Th 2:16. κοινωνεῖν ἁ. ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Ti 5:22. ποιεῖν ἁ. commit a sin (Tob 12:10; 14:7S; Dt 9:21) 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Pt 2:22; Js 5:15; 1J 3:4, 8. For this ἁμαρτάνειν ἁ. (Ex 32:30; La 1:8) 1J 5:16; ἐργάζεσθαι ἁ. Js 2:9; Hm 4, 1, 2 (LXX oft. ἐργάζ. ἀδικίαν or ἀνομίαν). μεγάλην ἁ. ἐργάζεσθαι commit a great sin m 4, 1, 1; 8:2. Pl. (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a τὰ μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα κ. ἀδικήματα) Hs 7:2. ἐπιφέρειν ἁ. τινί Hv 1, 2, 4. ἑαυτῷ ἁ. ἐπιφέρειν bring sin upon oneself m 11:4; for this ἁ. ἐπισπᾶσθαί τινι m 4, 1, 8 (cp. Is 5:18). προστιθέναι ταῖς ἁ. add to one’s sins (cp. προσέθηκεν ἁμαρτίας ἐφʼ ἁμαρτίας PsSol 3:10) Hv 5:7; m 4, 3, 7; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 11, 3; φέρειν ἁ. 1 Cl 16:4 (Is 53:4). ἀναφέρειν vs. 14 (Is 53:12). γέμειν ἁμαρτιῶν B 11:11. εἶναι ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις 1 Cor 15:17 (cp. Alex. Aphr., Eth. Probl. 9 II 2 p. 129, 13 ἐν ἁμαρτήμασιν εἶναι).—Sin viewed from the perspective of God’s or Christ’s response: ἀφιέναι τὰς ἁ. let go = forgive sins (Lev 4:20 al.) Mt 9:2, 5f; Mk 2:5, 7, 9f; Lk 5:20ff; Hv 2, 2, 4; 1 Cl 50:5; 53:5 (Ex 32:32) al. (ἀφίημι 2); hence ἄφεσις (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (Iren. 1, 21, 2 [Harv. I 182, 4]) forgiveness of sins Mt 26:28; Mk 1:4; Lk 1:77; 3:3; 24:47; Ac 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; Hm 4, 3, 2; B 5:1; 6:11; 8:3; 11:1; 16:8. διδόναι ἄφεσιν ἁ. AcPl Ha 2, 30; λαβεῖν ἄφεσιν ἁ. receive forgiveness of sins Ac 26:18 (Just., D. 54 al); καθαρίζειν τὰς ἁ. cleanse the sins (thought of as a stain) Hs 5, 6, 3; καθαρίζειν ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4; cp. Sir 23:10; PsSol 10:1); also καθαρισμὸν ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἁ. Hb 1:3; ἀπολούεσθαι τὰς ἁ. Ac 22:16 ([w. βαπτίζειν] Just., D. 13, 1 al.). λύτρον ἁ. ransom for sins B 19:10.—αἴρειν J 1:29; περιελεῖν ἁ. Hb 10:11; ἀφαιρεῖν (Ex 34:9; Is 27; 9) vs. 4; Hs 9, 28, 3; ῥυσθῆναι ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 60:3; ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. ἀποσπασθῆναι AcPlCor 2:9. Sin as a burden αἱ ἁ. κατεβάρησαν Hs 9, 28, 6; as a disease ἰᾶσθαι Hs 9, 28, 5 (cp. Dt 30:3); s. also the verbs in question.—Looked upon as an entry in a ledger; hence ἐξαλείφεται ἡ ἁ. wiped away, cancelled (Ps 108:14; Jer 18:23; Is 43:25) Ac 3:19.—Opp. στῆσαι τὴν ἁ. 7:60; λογίζεσθαι ἁ. take account of sin (as a debt; cp. the commercial metaphor Ro 4:6 and s. FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. 104, n. 2) Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); 1 Cl 60:2 (Just., D. 141, 3). Pass. ἁ. οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται is not entered in the account Ro 5:13 (GFriedrich, TLZ 77, ’52, 523–28). Of sinners ὀφειλέτης ἁ. Pol 6:1 (cp. SIG 1042, 14–16 [II A.D.] ὸ̔ς ἂν δὲ πολυπραγμονήσῃ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ περιεργάσηται, ἁμαρτίαν ὀφιλέτω Μηνὶ Τυράννωι, ἣν οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξειλάσασθαι).—γινώσκειν ἁ. (cp. Num 32:23) Ro 7:7; Hm 4, 1, 5. ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας Ro 3:20; ὁμολογεῖν τὰς ἁ. 1J 1:9; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁ. B 19:12; ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τὰς ἁ. Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; Hv 3, 1, 5f; Hs 9, 23, 4; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁ. confess your sins to each other Js 5:16.—ἐλέγχειν τινὰ περὶ ἁ. convict someone of sin J 8:46; cp. ἵνα σου τὰς ἁ. ἐλέγξω πρὸς τὸν κύριον that I might reveal your sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5.—σεσωρευμένος ἁμαρτίαις loaded down w. sins 2 Ti 3:6; cp. ἐπισωρεύειν ταῖς ἁ. B 4:6; ἔνοχος τῆς ἁ. involved in the sin Hm 2:2; 4, 1, 5. μέτοχος τῆς ἁ. m 4, 1, 9.—In Hb sin is atoned for (ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁ. 2:17) by sacrifices θυσίαι ὑπὲρ ἁ. 5:1 (cp. 1 Cl 41:2). προσφορὰ περὶ ἁ. sin-offering 10:18; also simply περὶ ἁ. (Lev 5:11; 7:37) vss. 6, 8 (both Ps 39:7; cp. 1 Pt 3:18); προσφέρειν περὶ ἁ. bring a sin-offering Hb 5:3; cp. 10:12; 13:11. Christ has made the perfect sacrifice for sin 9:23ff; συνείδησις ἁ. consciousness of sin 10:2; ἀνάμνησις ἁ. a reminder of sins of the feast of atonement vs. 3.

ⓑ special sins (ἁ. τῆς ἀποστασίας Iren. 5, 26, 2 [Harv. II 397, 4]): πρὸς θάνατον that leads to death 1J 5:16b (ἁμαρτάνω e); opp. οὐ πρὸς θάνατον vs. 17. μεγάλη ἁ. a great sin Hv 1, 1, 8 al. (Gen 20:9; Ex 32:30 al.; cp. Schol. on Pla., Tht. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα). μείζων ἁ. m 11:4; ἥττων 1 Cl 47:4. μεγάλη κ. ἀνίατος Hm 5, 2, 4; τέλειαι ἁ. Hv 1, 2, 1; B 8:1, cp. τὸ τέλειον τῶν ἁ. 5:11 (Philo, Mos. 1, 96 κατὰ τῶν τέλεια ἡμαρτηκότων); ἡ προτέρα ἁ. (Arrian, Anab. 7, 23, 8 εἴ τι πρότερον ἡμάρτηκας) sin committed before baptism Hm 4, 1, 11; 4, 3, 3; Hs 8, 11, 3; cp. v 2, 1, 2.

② a state of being sinful, sinfulness, a prominent feature in Johannine thought, and opposed to ἀλήθεια; hence ἁ. ἔχειν J 9:41; 15:24; 1J 1:8. μείζονα ἁ. ἔχειν J 19:11; ἁ. μένει 9:41. γεννᾶσθαι ἐν ἁμαρτίαις be born in sin 9:34 (ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ v.l).; opp. ἐν ἁ. ἀποθανεῖν die in sin 8:21, 24; AcPl Ha 1, 16. ἁ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν 1J 3:5.

③ a destructive evil power, sin

ⓐ Paul thinks of sin almost in pers. terms (cp. Sir 27:10; Mel., P. 50, 359; PGM 4, 1448 w. other divinities of the nether world, also Ἁμαρτίαι χθόνιαι; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 119ff) as a ruling power that invades the world. Sin came into the world Ro 5:12 (JFreundorfer, Erbsünde u. Erbtod b. Ap. Pls 1927; ELohmeyer, ZNW 29, 1930, 1–59; JSchnitzer, D. Erbsünde im Lichte d. Religionsgesch. ’31; ROtto, Sünde u. Urschuld ’32; FDanker, Ro 5:12: Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’67/68, 424–39), reigns there vs. 21; 6:14; everything was subject to it Gal 3:22; people serve it Ro 6:6; are its slaves vss. 17, 20; are sold into its service 7:14 or set free from it 6:22; it has its law 7:23; 8:2; it revives (ἀνέζησεν) Ro 7:9 or is dead vs. 8; it pays its wages, viz., death 6:23, cp. 5:12 (see lit. s.v. ἐπί 6c). As a pers. principle it dwells in humans Ro 7:17, 20, viz., in the flesh (s. σάρξ 2cα) 8:3; cp. vs. 2; 7:25. The earthly body is hence a σῶμα τῆς ἁ. 6:6 (Col 2:11 v.l.).—As abstr. for concr. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁ. ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (God) made him, who never sinned, to be sin (i.e. the guilty one) for our sakes 2 Cor 5:21.

ⓑ In Hb (as in OT) sin appears as the power that deceives humanity and leads it to destruction, whose influence and activity can be ended only by sacrifices (s. 1a end): ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ. Hb 3:13.—On the whole word s. ἁμαρτάνω, end. GMoore, Judaism I 445–52; ABüchler, Studies in Sin and Atonement in the Rabb. Lit. of the I Cent. 1928; WKnuth, D. Begriff der Sünde b. Philon v. Alex., diss. Jena ’34; EThomas, The Problem of Sin in the NT 1927; Dodd 76–81; DDaube, Sin, Ignorance and Forgiveness in the Bible, ’61; AGelin and ADescamps, Sin in the Bible, ’65.—On the special question ‘The Christian and Sin’ see PWernle 1897; HWindisch 1908; EHedström 1911; RBultmann, ZNW 23, 1924, 123–40; Windisch, ibid. 265–81; RSchulz, D. Frage nach der Selbsttätigkt. d. Menschen im sittl. Leben b. Pls., diss. Hdlb. ’40.—JAddison, ATR 33, ’51, 137–48; KKuhn, πειρασμός ἁμαρτία σάρξ im NT: ZTK 49, ’52, 200–222; JBremer, Hamartia ’69 (Gk. views).—B. 1182. EDNT. DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἁμαρτία
2 anthroposophy

антропософия

Viewed from the perspective of anthroposophy, you can experience this as a reflection of the pralaya phase of cosmos — when it has withdrawn into itself; and is not as easy to come to an experience of for the clairvoyant researcher — and the manvantara phase — when cosmos appears again, developing through a number of stages, more visible in an external form. — Рассмотрев с точки зрения антропософии, вы можете испытать это как отражение фазы "пралайя" космоса — когда она замыкается на самое себя и для проницательного исследователя не легко прийти к испытанию ее — и фазы "манвантара" — когда космос появляется вновь, развиваясь через ряд стадий, более видимый во внешней форме.

Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > anthroposophy
3 manvantara

манвантара

Viewed from the perspective of anthroposophy, you can experience this as a reflection of the pralaya phase of cosmos — when it has withdrawn into itself; and is not as easy to come to an experience of for the clairvoyant researcher — and the manvantara phase — when cosmos appears again, developing through a number of stages, more visible in an external form. — Рассмотрев с точки зрения антропософии, вы можете испытать это как отражение фазы "пралайя" космоса — когда она замыкается на самое себя и для проницательного исследователя не легко прийти к испытанию ее — и фазы "манвантара" — когда космос появляется вновь, развиваясь через ряд стадий, более видимый во внешней форме.

Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > manvantara
4 pralaya

пралайя

Viewed from the perspective of anthroposophy, you can experience this as a reflection of the pralaya phase of cosmos — when it has withdrawn into itself; and is not as easy to come to an experience of for the clairvoyant researcher — and the manvantara phase — when cosmos appears again, developing through a number of stages, more visible in an external form. — Рассмотрев с точки зрения антропософии, вы можете испытать это как отражение фазы "пралайя" космоса — когда она замыкается на самое себя и для проницательного исследователя не легко прийти к испытанию ее — и фазы "манвантара" — когда космос появляется вновь, развиваясь через ряд стадий, более видимый во внешней форме.

Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > pralaya
5 ὡς

ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as

① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, like

ⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.

ⓑ special uses

α. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.

β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).

γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).

δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.

② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.

ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.

ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.

ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.

α. a substantive

א. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.

ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.

β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.

ⓓ other noteworthy uses

α. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).

β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).

γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT⁴ ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.² 154; Rob. 928; 968.

③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, as

ⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or role

α. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.

β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).

γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.

ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.

ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.² 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).

④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.

⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.

⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.

⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.

⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).

ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.

ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.

ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.

α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.

β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.

ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).

⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order to

ⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).

ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).

ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὡς
6 come

1. past tense - came; verb
1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) venir

2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) llegar

3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) venir

4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) suceder

5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) llegar a

6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) subir a, ser

2. interjection
(expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) ¡vamos!

- comer
- coming
- comeback
- comedown
- come about
- come across
- come along
- come by
- come down
- come into one's own
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come round
- come to
- come to light
- come upon
- come up with
- come what may
- to come

come vb venir

come here please ven aquí, por favor

A veces, come se traduce por ir

do you want to come with me? ¿quieres ir conmigo?

I'll come to see you tomorrow iré a verte mañana

to come home volver a casa

El pasado de come es came y el participio pasado es come; el gerundio se escribe coming

come

tr[kʌm]

intransitive verb (pt came tr[keɪm], pp come tr[kʌm], ger coming)

1 (gen) venir

■ you must come and visit us! ¡tienes que venir a visitarnos!

■ can you come to dinner on Saturday? ¿puedes venir a cenar el sábado?

■ come here a minute ven un momento

■ are you coming? ¿(te) vienes?

■ we came by plane vinimos en avión

■ I've come to read the meter vengo a mirar el contador

■ can I come with you? ¿puedo ir contigo?

■ coming! ¡ya voy!

2 (arrive) llegar

■ they still haven't come aún no han llegado

■ what time does he come home? ¿a qué hora llega a casa?

■ winter came early el invierno llegó temprano

■ Christmas is coming ya llega la Navidad

■ the time has come to decide ha llegado el momento de decidir

3 (occupy place, position) llegar

■ my horse came first mi caballo llegó el primero

■ my family comes first primero está mi familia

4 (reach) llegar

■ the water came up to our waist el agua nos llegaba a la cintura

■ his hair comes down to his shoulders el pelo le llega a los hombros

5 (happen) suceder

■ it came to pass that... sucedió que...

■ how did you come to live here? ¿cómo es que vives aquí?

6 (be available) venir, suministrarse

■ it comes in three sizes viene en tres tamaños

7 (become) hacerse

■ your laces have come undone se te han desatado los cordones

■ the picture's come unstuck el cuadro se ha despegado

■ the screw had come loose el tornillo se había aflojado

■ it'll all come right in the end todo saldrá bien al final

8 familiar (used with expressions of time) para

■ come next month para el mes que viene

9 slang (have orgasm) correrse

transitive verb

1 (behave, play the part) hacerse

■ don't come the innocent with me no te hagas el inocente conmigo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

come again? ¿cómo?, ¿qué?

come off it! ¡venga ya!, ¡anda ya!

come what may pase lo que pase

to be as... as they come ser lo más... que hay

■ he's as silly as they come es lo más tonto que hay

to come (in the future) venidero,-a

■ in years to come en el futuro

to come a long way (progress) progresar mucho

to come and go ir y venir

■ I don't know if I'm coming or going estoy hecho un lío

■ fashions come and go las modas cambian

to come as a shock/surprise to somebody ser un susto/sorpresa para alguien

■ her death came as a shock to me to su muerte me sorprendió

to come clean confesar, cantar

to come down in the world venir a menos

to come down on somebody's side ponerse de parte de alguien

to come easily to somebody resultarle fácil a alguien

to come in handy / come in useful ser útil, resultar útil, venir bien

to come into being nacer, ver la luz

to come into fashion ponerse de moda

to come into force entrar en vigor

to come into the world nacer, ver la luz

to come of age llegar a la mayoría de edad

to come out in favour of something / come out against something declararse a favor de algo / declararse en contra de algo

to come to an end acabar, terminar, tocar a su fin

to come to nothing llegar a nada, quedar en nada, quedar en agua de borrajas

to come to one's senses (regain consciousness) volver en sí 2 (see sense) recobrar la razón

to come together (people) juntarse, reunirse 2 (ideas) cuajar

to come true hacerse realidad

to have it coming (to one) tenérselo merecido

to see something coming ver algo venir

to take life as it comes aceptar la vida tal y como se presenta

when it comes to... en cuanto a...

come ['kʌm] vi, came ['keɪm] ; come ; coming

1) approach: venir, aproximarse

here they come: acá vienen

2) arrive: venir, llegar, alcanzar

they came yesterday: vinieron ayer

3) originate: venir, provenir

this wine comes from France: este vino viene de Francia

4) amount: llegar, ascender

the investment came to two million: la inversión llegó a dos millones

5)

to come clean : confesar, desahogar la conciencia

6)

to come into acquire: adquirir

to come into a fortune: heredar una fortuna

7)

to come off succeed: tener éxito, ser un éxito

8)

to come out : salir, aparecer, publicarse

9)

to come to revive: recobrar el conocimiento, volver en sí

10)

to come to pass happen: acontecer

11)

to come to terms : llegar a un acuerdo

come

interj.

• ven interj.

• venga interj.

p.p.

(Participio pasivo de "to come")

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: came, come) = ir v.

(§pres: voy, vas...) subj: vay-, imp: ib-, pret: fu-•)

• llegar v.

• ocurrir v.

• provenir v.

(§pres: -vengo, -vienes...-venimos), pret: -vin-, fut: -vendr-•)

• venir v.

(§pres: vengo, vienes...venimos), pret: vin-, fut: vendr-•)

kʌm
1.

intransitive verb (past came; past p come)

1)

a) (advance, approach, travel) venir*

come here — ven (aquí)

have you come far? — ¿vienes de lejos?

as I was coming up/down the stairs — cuando subía/bajaba (por) las escaleras

we've come a long way since... — ( made much progress) hemos avanzado mucho desde que...; ( many things have happened) ha llovido mucho desde que...

he came running into the room — entró corriendo en la habitación

come (and) look at this — ven a ver esto

come and get it! — (colloq) a comer!

b) (be present, visit, accompany) venir*

can I come with you? — ¿puedo ir contigo?, ¿te puedo acompañar?

to come as something: Sue's coming as a clown — Sue va a venir (vestida) de payaso

2)

a) ( arrive)

what time are you coming? — ¿a qué hora vas a venir?

after a while, you'll come to a crossroads — al cabo de un rato, llegarás a un cruce

I'm coming, I won't be a moment — enseguida voy

to come about something — venir* por algo

to come for something/somebody — venir* a buscar algo/a alguien, venir* a por algo/alguien (Esp)

b)

to come and go — ir* y venir*

you can come and go as you please — puedes salir y entrar a tu antojo

she doesn't know whether she's coming or going — está hecha un lío (fam)

Presidents come and go, the problems remain the same — los presidentes cambian pero los problemas son siempre los mismos

three o'clock came and went and he still hadn't arrived — pasaron las tres y no llegaba

3)

a) (occur in time, context)

Christmas comes but once a year — sólo es Navidad una vez al año

Christmas is coming — ya llega la Navidad

this coming Friday — este viernes que viene

it came as a complete surprise — fue una sorpresa total

to take life as it comes — aceptar la vida tal (y) como se presenta

come what may — pase lo que pase

he had it coming (to him) — se lo tenía merecido

b) (as prep) para

I'll be tired out come Friday — estaré agotado para el viernes

c)

to come — ( in the future) (as adv)

in years to come — en años venideros, en el futuro

a taste of things to come — una muestra de lo que nos espera

the best is yet to come — todavía nos queda lo mejor

4) (extend, reach) (+ adv compl) llegar*

the water only came up to our knees — el agua sólo nos llegaba a las rodillas

5) ( be gained)

it'll come, just keep practicing — ya te va a salir or lo vas a lograr; sigue practicando

driving didn't come easily to me — aprender a manejar or (Esp) conducir no me fue or no me resultó fácil

6) (be available, obtainable) (+ adv compl) venir*

sugar comes in half-pound bags — el azúcar viene en paquetes de media libra

to come with something: the car comes with the job el coche te lo dan con el trabajo; it comes with instructions viene con or trae instrucciones; these watches don't come cheap estos relojes no son nada baratos; he's as silly as they come — es de lo más tonto que hay

7) (+ adv compl)

a) (in sequence, list, structure)

Cancer comes between Gemini and Leo — Cáncer está entre Géminis y Leo

b) (in race, competition) llegar*

to come first — ( in a race) llegar* el primero; ( in an exam) quedar or salir* el primero

c) ( be ranked) estar*

my children come first — primero están mis hijos

8)

a) ( become) (+ adj compl)

it's come loose — se ha aflojado

my dream has come true — mi sueño se ha hecho realidad

b) ( reach certain state)

to come to + inf — llegar* a + inf

how do you come to be here? — ¿cómo es que estás aquí?

I could have done it yesterday, come to think of it — lo podría haber hecho ayer, ahora que lo pienso

9) ( have orgasm) (colloq) venirse* or (Esp) correrse or (AmS) acabar (arg)

10) (in phrases)

come, come! — vamos, vamos!, dale! (CS fam)

come again? — (colloq) ¿qué? or (AmL fam) ¿qué qué?

how come? — (colloq) ¿cómo?

how come you didn't know? — ¿cómo es que no sabías?

2.

vt (BrE)

don't come the victim with me! — no te hagas la víctima conmigo

Phrasal Verbs:

- come about

- come across

- come after

- come along

- come apart

- come around

- come away

- come back

- come between

- come by

- come down

- come down to

- come down with

- come forward

- come from

- come home to

- come in

- come in for

- come into

- come of

- come off

- come on

- come on to

- come out

- come out in

- come out with

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come up against

- come up for

- come upon

- come up to

- come up with

[kʌm] (pt came) (pp come)
1. VI

1) (gen) venir; (=arrive) llegar

we have come to help you — hemos venido a ayudarte

when did he come? — ¿cuándo llegó?

they came late — llegaron tarde

the letter came this morning — la carta llegó esta mañana

(I'm) coming! — ¡voy!, ¡ya voy!

he came running/dashing etc in — entró corriendo/volando etc

the day/time will come when... — ya llegará el día/la hora (en) que...

it will be two years come March — en marzo hará dos años

a week come Monday — ocho días a partir del lunes

• we'll come after you — te seguiremos

• come and see us soon — ven a vernos pronto

• it may come as a surprise to you... — puede que te asombre or (LAm) extrañe...

it came as a shock to her — le afectó mucho

• to come for sth/sb — venir por or (LAm) pasar por algo/algn

• to come from — (=stem from) [word, custom] venir de, proceder de, provenir de; (=originate from) [person] ser de

she has just come from London — acaba de venir or (LAm) regresar de Londres

I come from Wigan — soy de Wigan

where do you come from? — ¿de dónde eres?

this necklace comes from Spain — este collar es de España

I don't know where you're coming from — (US) * no alcanzo a comprender la base de tu argumento

• to come and go — ir y venir

people were coming and going all day — la gente iba y venía todo el día

the pain comes and goes — el dolor va y viene

the picture comes and goes — (TV) un momento tenemos imagen y al siguiente no

• come home — ven a casa

• it never came into my mind — no pasó siquiera por mi mente

• we came to a village — llegamos a un pueblo

to come to a decision — llegar a una decisión

the water only came to her waist — el agua le llegaba solo hasta la cintura

it came to me that there was a better way to do it — se me ocurrió que había otra forma mejor de hacerlo

when it comes to choosing, I prefer wine — si tengo que elegir, prefiero vino

when it comes to mathematics... — en cuanto a or en lo que se refiere a las matemáticas...

• when your turn comes — cuando llegue tu turno

• they have come a long way — (lit) han venido desde muy lejos; (fig) han llegado muy lejos

• come with me — ven conmigo

2) (=have its place) venir

May comes before June — mayo viene antes de junio

it comes on the next page — viene en la pagina siguiente

work comes before pleasure — primero el trabajo, luego la diversión

the adjective comes before the noun — el adjetivo precede al sustantivo

he came third — llego en tercer lugar

3) (=happen) pasar, ocurrir

recovery came slowly — la recuperación fue lenta

• how does this chair come to be broken? — ¿cómo es que esta silla está rota?

• how come? * — ¿cómo es eso?, ¿cómo así?, ¿por qué?

how come you don't know? * — ¿cómo es que no lo sabes?

• no good will come of it — de eso no saldrá nada bueno

nothing came of it — todo quedó en nada

that's what comes of being careless — eso es lo que pasa or ocurre por la falta de cuidado

• no harm will come to him — no le pasará nada

• come what may — pase lo que pase

4) (=be, become)

I have come to like her — ha llegado a caerme bien

I came to think it was all my fault — llegué a la conclusión de que era culpa mía

now I come to think of it — ahora que lo pienso, pensándolo bien

it came to pass that... — liter aconteció que...

• those shoes come in two colours — esos zapatos vienen en dos colores

• the button has come loose — el botón se ha soltado

• it comes naturally to him — lo hace sin esfuerzo, no le cuesta nada hacerlo

• it'll all come right in the end — al final, todo se arreglará

• my dreams came true — mis sueños se hicieron realidad

5) ** (=have orgasm) correrse (Sp) ***, acabar (LAm) ***

6) (in phrases)

• come again? * — ¿cómo (dice)?

• he's as good as they come — es bueno como él solo

he's as stupid as they come — es tonto de remate

I like my tea just as it comes — me gusta el té hecho de cualquier modo

• they don't come any better than that — mejores no los hay

• to come between two people — (=interfere) meterse or entrometerse entre dos personas; (=separate) separar a dos personas

nothing can come between us — no hay nada que sea capaz de separarnos

• cars like that don't come cheap — los coches así no son baratos

• come, come! — ¡vamos!

• the new ruling comes into force next year — la nueva ley entra en vigor el año que viene

• I don't know whether I'm coming or going — no sé lo que me hago

• he had it coming to him * — se lo tenía bien merecido

• if it comes to it — llegado el caso

• oh, come now! — ¡vamos!

• I could see it coming — lo veía venir

• come to that... — si vamos a eso...

• in (the) years to come — en los años venideros

2.

VT

don't come that game with me! * — ¡no me vengas con esos cuentos!

that's coming it a bit strong — eso me parece algo exagerado, no es para tanto

- come about

- come across

- come across with

- come along

- come apart

- come around

- come at

- come away

- come back

- come before

- come by

- come down

- come down with

- come forward

- come in

- come into

- come of

- come off

- come on

- come on to

- come out

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come through with

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come up against

- come upon

- come up to

- come up with
COME, GO Although c ome and venir usually imply motion towards the speaker while go and ir imply motion away from them, there are some differences between the two languages. In English we sometimes describe movement as if from the other person's perspective. In Spanish, this is not the case. ► For example when someone calls you:
I'm coming Ya voy ► Making arrangements over the phone or in a letter:
I'll come and pick you up at four Iré a recogerte a las cuatro
Can I come too? ¿Puedo ir yo también?
Shall I come with you? ¿Voy contigo? ► So, use ir rather than venir when going towards someone else or when joining them to go on somewhere else. ► Compare:
Are you coming with us? (viewed from the speaker's perspective) ¿(Te) vienes con nosotros? For further uses and examples, see come, go
* * *
[kʌm]
1.

intransitive verb (past came; past p come)

1)

a) (advance, approach, travel) venir*

come here — ven (aquí)

have you come far? — ¿vienes de lejos?

as I was coming up/down the stairs — cuando subía/bajaba (por) las escaleras

we've come a long way since... — ( made much progress) hemos avanzado mucho desde que...; ( many things have happened) ha llovido mucho desde que...

he came running into the room — entró corriendo en la habitación

come (and) look at this — ven a ver esto

come and get it! — (colloq) a comer!

b) (be present, visit, accompany) venir*

can I come with you? — ¿puedo ir contigo?, ¿te puedo acompañar?

to come as something: Sue's coming as a clown — Sue va a venir (vestida) de payaso

2)

a) ( arrive)

what time are you coming? — ¿a qué hora vas a venir?

after a while, you'll come to a crossroads — al cabo de un rato, llegarás a un cruce

I'm coming, I won't be a moment — enseguida voy

to come about something — venir* por algo

to come for something/somebody — venir* a buscar algo/a alguien, venir* a por algo/alguien (Esp)

b)

to come and go — ir* y venir*

you can come and go as you please — puedes salir y entrar a tu antojo

she doesn't know whether she's coming or going — está hecha un lío (fam)

Presidents come and go, the problems remain the same — los presidentes cambian pero los problemas son siempre los mismos

three o'clock came and went and he still hadn't arrived — pasaron las tres y no llegaba

3)

a) (occur in time, context)

Christmas comes but once a year — sólo es Navidad una vez al año

Christmas is coming — ya llega la Navidad

this coming Friday — este viernes que viene

it came as a complete surprise — fue una sorpresa total

to take life as it comes — aceptar la vida tal (y) como se presenta

come what may — pase lo que pase

he had it coming (to him) — se lo tenía merecido

b) (as prep) para

I'll be tired out come Friday — estaré agotado para el viernes

c)

to come — ( in the future) (as adv)

in years to come — en años venideros, en el futuro

a taste of things to come — una muestra de lo que nos espera

the best is yet to come — todavía nos queda lo mejor

4) (extend, reach) (+ adv compl) llegar*

the water only came up to our knees — el agua sólo nos llegaba a las rodillas

5) ( be gained)

it'll come, just keep practicing — ya te va a salir or lo vas a lograr; sigue practicando

driving didn't come easily to me — aprender a manejar or (Esp) conducir no me fue or no me resultó fácil

6) (be available, obtainable) (+ adv compl) venir*

sugar comes in half-pound bags — el azúcar viene en paquetes de media libra

to come with something: the car comes with the job el coche te lo dan con el trabajo; it comes with instructions viene con or trae instrucciones; these watches don't come cheap estos relojes no son nada baratos; he's as silly as they come — es de lo más tonto que hay

7) (+ adv compl)

a) (in sequence, list, structure)

Cancer comes between Gemini and Leo — Cáncer está entre Géminis y Leo

b) (in race, competition) llegar*

to come first — ( in a race) llegar* el primero; ( in an exam) quedar or salir* el primero

c) ( be ranked) estar*

my children come first — primero están mis hijos

8)

a) ( become) (+ adj compl)

it's come loose — se ha aflojado

my dream has come true — mi sueño se ha hecho realidad

b) ( reach certain state)

to come to + inf — llegar* a + inf

how do you come to be here? — ¿cómo es que estás aquí?

I could have done it yesterday, come to think of it — lo podría haber hecho ayer, ahora que lo pienso

9) ( have orgasm) (colloq) venirse* or (Esp) correrse or (AmS) acabar (arg)

10) (in phrases)

come, come! — vamos, vamos!, dale! (CS fam)

come again? — (colloq) ¿qué? or (AmL fam) ¿qué qué?

how come? — (colloq) ¿cómo?

how come you didn't know? — ¿cómo es que no sabías?

2.

vt (BrE)

don't come the victim with me! — no te hagas la víctima conmigo

Phrasal Verbs:

- come about

- come across

- come after

- come along

- come apart

- come around

- come away

- come back

- come between

- come by

- come down

- come down to

- come down with

- come forward

- come from

- come home to

- come in

- come in for

- come into

- come of

- come off

- come on

- come on to

- come out

- come out in

- come out with

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come up against

- come up for

- come upon

- come up to

- come up with

English-spanish dictionary > come
7 view

view [vju:]

1 noun

(a) (sight) vue f;

∎ to come into view apparaître;

∎ we came into view of the shore nous sommes arrivés en vue du rivage, nous avons aperçu le rivage;

∎ he turned the corner and disappeared from view il a tourné au coin et on l'a perdu de vue ou il a disparu;

∎ it happened in full view of the television cameras/police cela s'est passé juste devant les caméras de télévision/sous les yeux de la police;

∎ to be on view (house) être ouvert aux visites; (picture) être exposé;

∎ the woods are within view of the house de la maison on voit les bois;

∎ to hide sth from view (accidentally) cacher qch; (deliberately) cacher qch aux regards;

∎ to keep sth in view ne pas perdre qch de vue

(b) (prospect) vue f;

∎ the house has a good view of the sea la maison a une belle vue sur la mer;

∎ a room with a view une chambre avec vue;

∎ there's a nice view from the window de la fenêtre il y a une très belle vue;

∎ there are nice views of the coast from that hill de cette colline on a de belles vues sur la côte;

∎ from here we have a side view of the cathedral d'ici nous avons une vue de profil de la cathédrale;

∎ you get a better view from here on voit mieux d'ici;

∎ the man in front of me blocked my view of the stage l'homme devant moi m'empêchait de voir la scène;

∎ figurative a comprehensive view of English literature une vue d'ensemble de la littérature anglaise

(c) (future perspective)

∎ in view en vue;

∎ there appears to be no solution in view il semble n'y avoir aucune solution en vue;

∎ what do you have in view as regards work? quelles sont vos intentions en ce qui concerne le travail?;

∎ with this (end) in view avec ou dans cette intention;

∎ she has in view the publication of a new book elle envisage de publier un nouveau livre;

∎ to take the long view of sth voir qch à long terme

(d) (aim, purpose) but m, intention f;

∎ with a view to doing sth en vue de faire qch, dans l'intention de faire qch;

∎ they bought the house with a view to their retirement ils ont acheté la maison en pensant à leur retraite

(e) (interpretation) vue f;

∎ an overall view une vue d'ensemble;

∎ he has or takes a gloomy view of life il a une vue pessimiste de la vie, il envisage la vie d'une manière pessimiste

(f) (picture, photograph) vue f;

∎ views of Venice vues de Venise;

∎ an aerial view of New York une vue aérienne de New York

(g) (opinion) avis m, opinion f;

∎ in my view à mon avis;

∎ in the view of many of our colleagues de l'avis de beaucoup de nos collègues;

∎ I respect her political views je respecte ses opinions politiques;

∎ that seems to be the generally accepted view ceci semble être l'opinion générale ou courante;

∎ that's the official view c'est le point de vue officiel;

∎ everybody has their own view of the situation chacun comprend la situation à sa façon, chacun a sa propre façon de voir la situation;

∎ he takes the view that they are innocent il pense ou estime qu'ils sont innocents;

∎ I don't take that view je ne partage pas cet avis;

∎ she took a poor or dim view of his behaviour elle n'appréciait guère son comportement;

∎ what is your view on the matter? quelle est votre opinion sur la question?;

∎ she holds or has strong views on the subject elle a des opinions ou des idées bien nettes sur le sujet;

∎ he's changed his views on disarmament il a changé d'avis sur le désarmement

2 transitive verb

(a) (look at) voir, regarder; (film, programme) regarder;

∎ viewed from above/from afar/from the outside vu d'en haut/de loin/de l'extérieur

(b) (examine → slides) visionner; (→ through microscope) regarder; (→ flat, showhouse) visiter, inspecter; (exhibition, paintings) voir;

∎ the house may be viewed at weekends only on peut visiter la maison pendant les week-ends uniquement

(c) figurative (consider, judge) considérer, envisager;

∎ the committee viewed his application favourably la commission a porté un regard favorable sur sa candidature;

∎ he was viewed as a dangerous maniac on le considérait comme un fou dangereux;

∎ how do you view this matter? quel est votre avis sur cette affaire?;

∎ the government views the latest international developments with alarm le gouvernement porte un regard inquiet sur les derniers développements internationaux;

∎ I would view his departure with equanimity j'envisagerais son départ avec sérénité;

∎ when viewed in this light vu sous cet angle

(d) Hunting (fox) apercevoir

(e) Computing (codes, document) visualiser, afficher

3 intransitive verb

Television regarder la télévision

4 in view of preposition

étant donné, vu;

∎ in view of his age étant donné son âge, vu son âge;

∎ in view of what has happened en raison de ou étant donné ce qui s'est passé;

∎ in view of this ceci étant

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > view
8 considerar

v.

1 to consider (pensar en).

bien considerado, creo que tienes razón on reflection, I think you're right

El chico considera a su madre The boy has regard for=considers his mother.

Ricardo considera la propuesta de María Richard considers Ann's proposal.

2 to esteem, to treat with respect.

3 to consider to.

Ella considera mejor ir al teatro She considers best to go to the theater.

4 to consider oneself to.

Considero estar listo I consider myself to be ready.

* * *

considerar

► verbo transitivo

1 (reflexionar) to consider, think over, think about

■ debes considerar seriamente mi petición you should consider my request seriously

2 (tomar en consideración) to take into account

■ considera todas las ventajas take all the advantages into account

3 (respetar) to treat with consideration, respect

4 (juzgar) to judge, regard, deem

► verbo pronominal considerarse

1 to consider oneself

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

considerando que considering that, considering

* * *

verb

1) to consider

2) deem

* * *

1. VT

1) (=reflexionar sobre) to consider

considera las ventajas y los inconvenientes de tu decisión — think about o consider the advantages and disadvantages of your decision

tengo que considerar el tema con detenimiento — I must give this matter some thought

2) (=tener en cuenta)

considerando lo que cuesta, la calidad podría ser mejor — considering what it costs, the quality could be better

considera que esta puede ser tu última oportunidad — bear in mind that this could be your last chance

3) (=creer)

considerar algo/a algn (como) — + adj to consider sth/sb to be + adj

lo considero imposible — I consider it (to be) impossible

se le considera culpable del robo — he is believed to be o considered to be guilty of the robbery

se le considera como uno de los grandes pintores de este siglo — he is considered (to be) o regarded as one of the great painters of this century

lo considero hijo mío — I look on him o regard him as my own son

• considerar que — to believe that, consider that

considero que deberíamos hacer algo — I believe o consider that we should do something

4) (Jur)

considerando... — whereas... ( word with which each item in a judgement begins)

2.

See:

considerarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <asunto/posibilidad/oferta> to consider; <ventajas/consecuencias> to weigh up, consider

considera los pros y los contras — weigh up the pros and cons

tenemos que considerar que... — we must take into account that...

considerando que ha estado enfermo — considering (that) he's been ill

b) (frml) ( tratar con respeto) to show consideration for, to consider

2) (frml) (juzgar, creer) (+ compl) to consider

fue considerado como una provocación — it was considered (to be) provocative

eso se considera de mala educación — that's considered bad manners

se le considera responsable del secuestro — he is believed to be responsible for the kidnapping

está muy bien considerado — he is very highly regarded
2.
considerarse v pron persona ( juzgarse) (+ compl) to consider oneself

se considera afortunado — he considers himself (to be) lucky

* * *

= consider (as), contemplate, deem, envisage, judge, look at, perceive, reckon, regard as, see as, take into + consideration, take to + be, treat, view, weigh, take + stock of, see, look to as, see about, look upon, give + (some) thought to, have + regard for, class, hold out as, weigh up, look toward(s), flirt, adjudge, believe, look to.

Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex. These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex. If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.

Ex. It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.

Ex. Nevertheless, whatever the basis for the major enumerative schemes they must be judged for their suitability for application in current libraries.

Ex. This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex. Many of the early systems were perceived as replacements for manual techniques.

Ex. Book form is easy to use, readable, and reckoned to be an acceptable format for many users.

Ex. In particular LCC has been regarded as suitable for the classification of large general libraries, and specifically those large libraries that have been established for research purposes.

Ex. It is easiest to see the comments in this section as pertaining to controlled indexing languages.

Ex. A certain number of days is to be added to today's date to calculate the date due, taking into consideration the dates the library is closed.

Ex. An abridgement is usually taken to be a condensation that necessarily omits a number of secondary points.

Ex. In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.

Ex. Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.

Ex. Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex. The conference took stock of development within information technology, outlined new ways for its use and presented projects.

Ex. When balls were compared with rollers in the ninenteenth century, their chief disadvantage was seen to be their cost: they were relatively uneconomical of ink.

Ex. From the impressive library of his mansion home on Beacon Hill, Ticknor ruled over Boston's intellectual life and was looked to as the leading arbiter of intellectual and social life in that great city.

Ex. The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.

Ex. Ticknor, we are told, was a liberal and democrat who welcomed change and looked upon human nature with great optimism.

Ex. I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.

Ex. The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances = El aparente éxito del proyecto sugiere que se puede utilizar o adaptar para otros miembros de la industria del ganado bovino, teniendo en cuenta sus circunstancias particulares.

Ex. 30 million Americans are classed as functionally illiterate.

Ex. Community information services seem light years away from the kind of electronic wizardry that is held out as the brave new information world of tomorrow.

Ex. The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex. Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.

Ex. The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.

Ex. National library associations should look for sponsors who will publish manuscripts they have adjudged to have met international standards.

Ex. The preferred citation order should be that order which is believed to match the approach of many users who can be expected to retrieve information on the topic.

Ex. If you're looking to refinish and waterproof some outdoor furniture you might want to consider using teak oil.

----

* bien considerado = all things considered.

* considerando = in view of.

* considerar adecuado = judge + suitable, consider + appropriate.

* considerar Algo = be under consideration.

* considerar apropiado = consider + appropriate.

* considerar como = class.

* considerar como posible = entertain as + a possibility.

* considerar desde una perspectiva = hold + perspective on.

* considerar en detalle = consider + at length.

* considerar en su justa medida = see + in proportion.

* considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.

* considerar + Infinitivo = view as + Gerundio.

* considerar la posibilidad = entertain + the possibility.

* considerar las consecuencias = weigh + implications.

* considerar las posibilidades de algo = consider + possibilities.

* considerar oportuno = consider + appropriate.

* considerar peligroso = see + danger.

* considerar pertinente = consider + appropriate.

* considerar que significa = take to + mean.

* considerarse = be known as, set + Reflexivo + up as, go down as.

* considerarse afortunado = consider + Reflexivo + lucky, count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky.

* considerar un problema = consider + problem.

* merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* volver a considerar = reconsider.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <asunto/posibilidad/oferta> to consider; <ventajas/consecuencias> to weigh up, consider

considera los pros y los contras — weigh up the pros and cons

tenemos que considerar que... — we must take into account that...

considerando que ha estado enfermo — considering (that) he's been ill

b) (frml) ( tratar con respeto) to show consideration for, to consider

2) (frml) (juzgar, creer) (+ compl) to consider

fue considerado como una provocación — it was considered (to be) provocative

eso se considera de mala educación — that's considered bad manners

se le considera responsable del secuestro — he is believed to be responsible for the kidnapping

está muy bien considerado — he is very highly regarded
2.
considerarse v pron persona ( juzgarse) (+ compl) to consider oneself

se considera afortunado — he considers himself (to be) lucky

* * *

= consider (as), contemplate, deem, envisage, judge, look at, perceive, reckon, regard as, see as, take into + consideration, take to + be, treat, view, weigh, take + stock of, see, look to as, see about, look upon, give + (some) thought to, have + regard for, class, hold out as, weigh up, look toward(s), flirt, adjudge, believe, look to.

Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex: These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex: If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.

Ex: It is fairly common to have to modify a standard list, or compile a fresh list when a new application is envisaged.

Ex: Nevertheless, whatever the basis for the major enumerative schemes they must be judged for their suitability for application in current libraries.

Ex: This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex: Many of the early systems were perceived as replacements for manual techniques.

Ex: Book form is easy to use, readable, and reckoned to be an acceptable format for many users.

Ex: In particular LCC has been regarded as suitable for the classification of large general libraries, and specifically those large libraries that have been established for research purposes.

Ex: It is easiest to see the comments in this section as pertaining to controlled indexing languages.

Ex: A certain number of days is to be added to today's date to calculate the date due, taking into consideration the dates the library is closed.

Ex: An abridgement is usually taken to be a condensation that necessarily omits a number of secondary points.

Ex: In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.

Ex: Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.

Ex: Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex: The conference took stock of development within information technology, outlined new ways for its use and presented projects.

Ex: When balls were compared with rollers in the ninenteenth century, their chief disadvantage was seen to be their cost: they were relatively uneconomical of ink.

Ex: From the impressive library of his mansion home on Beacon Hill, Ticknor ruled over Boston's intellectual life and was looked to as the leading arbiter of intellectual and social life in that great city.

Ex: The head of reference told me that he's going to see about a dress code for the staff, prohibiting slacks for women.

Ex: Ticknor, we are told, was a liberal and democrat who welcomed change and looked upon human nature with great optimism.

Ex: I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.

Ex: The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances = El aparente éxito del proyecto sugiere que se puede utilizar o adaptar para otros miembros de la industria del ganado bovino, teniendo en cuenta sus circunstancias particulares.

Ex: 30 million Americans are classed as functionally illiterate.

Ex: Community information services seem light years away from the kind of electronic wizardry that is held out as the brave new information world of tomorrow.

Ex: The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex: Libraries are looking towards some sort of cooperative system.

Ex: The author examines key passages in the 1941 Nietzsche lectures where Heidegger appears to flirt with the possibility of a more primordial sense of existence.

Ex: National library associations should look for sponsors who will publish manuscripts they have adjudged to have met international standards.

Ex: The preferred citation order should be that order which is believed to match the approach of many users who can be expected to retrieve information on the topic.

Ex: If you're looking to refinish and waterproof some outdoor furniture you might want to consider using teak oil.

* bien considerado = all things considered.

* considerando = in view of.

* considerar adecuado = judge + suitable, consider + appropriate.

* considerar Algo = be under consideration.

* considerar apropiado = consider + appropriate.

* considerar como = class.

* considerar como posible = entertain as + a possibility.

* considerar desde una perspectiva = hold + perspective on.

* considerar en detalle = consider + at length.

* considerar en su justa medida = see + in proportion.

* considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.

* considerar + Infinitivo = view as + Gerundio.

* considerar la posibilidad = entertain + the possibility.

* considerar las consecuencias = weigh + implications.

* considerar las posibilidades de algo = consider + possibilities.

* considerar oportuno = consider + appropriate.

* considerar peligroso = see + danger.

* considerar pertinente = consider + appropriate.

* considerar que significa = take to + mean.

* considerarse = be known as, set + Reflexivo + up as, go down as.

* considerarse afortunado = consider + Reflexivo + lucky, count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky.

* considerar un problema = consider + problem.

* merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* volver a considerar = reconsider.

* * *

considerar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ‹asunto/posibilidad› to consider; ‹oferta› to consider, give … consideration; ‹ventajas/consecuencias› to weigh up, consider

considera los pros y los contras weigh up the pros and cons

bien considerado, creo que … all things considered, I think that …

tenemos que considerar que ésta es su primera infracción we must take into account that this is her first offense

considerando que ha estado enfermo considering (that) he's been ill

2 ( frml) (tratar con respeto) to show consideration for, to consider

B ( frml) (juzgar, creer) (+ compl) to consider

fue considerado como una provocación it was considered (to be) o ( frml) deemed (to be) provocative

eso se considera de mala educación that's considered bad manners

considero casi imposible que podamos llegar a un acuerdo I believe it is o I consider it to be almost impossible for us to reach an agreement

se le considera responsable del secuestro he is believed to be responsible for the kidnapping

está muy bien considerado he is very highly regarded

■ considerarse

v pron

«persona» (juzgarse) (+ compl) to consider oneself

se considera afortunado he considers himself (to be) very fortunate o lucky

* * *

considerar ( conjugate considerar) verbo transitivo ‹asunto/posibilidad/oferta› to consider;
‹ventajas/consecuencias› to weigh up, consider;
◊ considerando que ha estado enfermo considering (that) he's been ill;

tenemos que considerar que … we must take into account that …;
eso se considera de mala educación that's considered bad manners;
está muy bien considerado he is very highly regarded
considerarse verbo pronominal [ persona] ( juzgarse) to consider oneself;
se considera afortunado he considers himself (to be) lucky
considerar verbo transitivo to consider: lo considera un genio, she thinks he's a genius ➣ Ver nota en consider

' considerar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
archivar
- barajar
- cada
- dar
- discutir
- encontrar
- estimar
- homologar
- óptica
- pararse
- plantearse
- ponderar
- reparar
- tantear
- tener
- tratar
- ver
- catalogar
- estudiar
- juzgar
- llamar
- medir
- meditar
- mirar
- pensar
- plantear
English:
account
- class
- consider
- contemplate
- count
- debate
- entertain
- judge
- ponder
- rate
- reckon
- regard
- see
- think over
- think through
- treat
- view
- come
- conceive
- deem
- feel
- hold
- look
- think
- weigh

* * *

considerar

♦ vt

1. [pensar en] to consider;

hay que considerar que es la primera vez que lo intentamos you should take into account that this is the first time we've tried to do it;

consideré la posibilidad de presentarme, pero al final desistí I thought about applying but in the end I gave up the idea

2. [juzgar, estimar] to believe, to think;

no quiso considerar mi propuesta she wouldn't consider my proposal;

bien considerado, creo que tienes razón on reflection, I think you're right;

considero que se han equivocado I believe they've made a mistake

3. [respetar] to esteem, to treat with respect;

sus compañeros lo consideran mucho his colleagues have a high regard for him o think highly of him

♦ See also the pronominal verb considerarse

* * *

considerar

v/t consider

* * *

considerar vt

1) : to consider, to think over

2) : to judge, to deem

3) : to treat with respect

* * *

considerar vb

1. (relexionar) to consider / to think about [pt. & pp. thought]

tengo que considerar su propuesta I have to consider their proposal

2. (juzgar) to regard / to think

lo considero imposible I think it's impossible

Spanish-English dictionary > considerar
9 view

1. noun
1) (range of vision) Sicht, die

get a good view of something — etwas gut sehen können

have a clear/distant view of something — etwas deutlich/in der Ferne sehen können

be out of/in view — nicht zu sehen/zu sehen sein

come into view — in Sicht kommen

our hotel has a good view of the sea — von unserem Hotel aus kann man das Meer gut sehen

2) (what is seen) Aussicht, die

the views from here — die Aussicht von hier

a room with a view — ein Zimmer mit Aussicht

3) (picture) Ansicht, die

photographic view — Foto, das

4) (opinion) Ansicht, die

what is your view or are your views on this? — was meinst du dazu?

don't you have any view[s] about it? — hast du keine Meinung dazu?

the general/majority view is that... — die Allgemeinheit/Mehrheit ist der Ansicht, dass...

take a favourable view of something — etwas billigen

have or hold views about or on something — eine Meinung über etwas (Akk.) haben

hold or take the view that... — der Ansicht sein, dass...

in my view — meiner Ansicht nach

in somebody's view — nach jemandes Ansicht

I take a different view — ich bin anderer Ansicht

take a critical/grave/optimistic view of something — etwas kritisch/ernst/optimistisch beurteilen

5)

be on view — [Waren, Haus:] besichtigt werden können; [Bauplan:] [zur Einsicht] ausliegen

in view of something — (fig.) angesichts einer Sache

with a view to or with a or the view of doing something — in der Absicht, etwas zu tun

with a view to something — (fig.) mit etwas im Auge

with this in view — in Anbetracht dessen; see also academic.ru/56438/point">point I 1.

6) (survey) Betrachtung, die; (of house, site) Besichtigung, die
2. transitive verb
1) (look at) sich (Dat.) ansehen

2) (consider) betrachten; beurteilen [Situation, Problem]

viewed in this light... — so gesehen...

I view the matter differently — ich sehe das anders

3) (inspect) besichtigen

ask to view something — darum bitten, etwas besichtigen zu dürfen
3. intransitive verb
(Telev.) fernsehen

* * *
[vju:] 1. noun
1) ((an outlook on to, or picture of) a scene: Your house has a fine view of the hills; He painted a view of the harbour.) die (An)Sicht

2) (an opinion: Tell me your view/views on the subject.) die Ansicht

3) (an act of seeing or inspecting: We were given a private view of the exhibition before it was opened to the public.) die Besichtigung
2. verb
(to look at, or regard (something): She viewed the scene with astonishment.) betrachten

- viewer
- viewpoint
- in view of
- on view
- point of view
* * *

view

[vju:]

I. n

1. no pl (sight) Sicht f

in full \view of all the spectators vor den Augen aller Zuschauer

to block [or obstruct] sb's \view jds Sicht behindern

to come into \view in Sicht kommen, sichtbar werden

to disappear from [or out of] \view [in der Ferne] verschwinden

to hide [or shield] from \view sich akk dem Blick entziehen

the house is hidden from \view behind a high hedge das Haus liegt den Blicken entzogen hinter einer hohen Hecke

to keep sb/sth in \view jdn/etw im Auge behalten

2. (panorama) [Aus]blick m, Aussicht f

we have a clear \view of the sea wir haben freien Blick aufs Meer

the \view from our living room over the valley is breathtaking der [Aus]blick von unserem Wohnzimmer über das Tal ist atemberaubend

he paints rural \views er malt ländliche Motive

he lifted his daughter up so that she could get a better \view er hob seine Tochter hoch, sodass sie besser sehen konnte

to have a bird's-eye \view of sth etw aus der Vogelperspektive sehen

panoramic \view Panoramablick m

to afford a \view einen Blick [o eine Aussicht] bieten

3. (opportunity to observe) Besichtigung f

4. no pl (for observation)

to be on \view works of art ausgestellt werden

to be on \view to the public der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich sein

5. (opinion) Ansicht f, Meinung f (about/on über + akk)

in sb's \view nach jds Einschätzung

what are your \views on this issue? was meinen Sie zu dieser Frage?

it's my \view that the price is much too high meiner Meinung nach ist der Preis viel zu hoch

exchange of \views Meinungsaustausch m

\view of the market Markteinschätzung f

point of \view Gesichtspunkt m, Standpunkt m

from my point of \view... meiner Meinung nach...

world \view Weltanschauung f

conflicting \views widersprüchliche Meinungen

jaundiced/prevailing \view zynische/vorherrschende Meinung

there is a prevailing \view that... es herrscht die Ansicht, dass...

to air one's \views seine Ansichten darlegen

to echo [or endorse] a \view sich akk einer Meinung anschließen

to express a \view eine Meinung ausdrücken [o zum Ausdruck bringen]

to have [or take] a \view eine Meinung vertreten

to have an optimistic \view of life eine optimistische Lebenseinstellung haben

to take a dim [or poor] \view of sth nicht viel von etw dat halten

to have [or hold] [or take] the \view that... der Meinung sein, dass...

to have [or hold] \views about [or on] sb/sth Ansichten über jdn/etw haben

to hold strong \views about sth über etw akk strenge Ansichten haben

to make a \view known eine Ansicht mitteilen

to share a \view gleicher Meinung sein, eine Ansicht teilen

this \view is not widely shared diese Ansicht wird nicht von vielen geteilt

▪ in sb's \view jds Ansicht nach

6. ( fig: perspective) Ansicht f

from the money point of \view, the plan is very attractive but from the work point of \view, it's a disaster vom Finanziellen her gesehen ist der Plan sehr verlockend, aber von der Arbeit her ist er eine Katastrophe

we take a very serious \view of the situation wir nehmen die Situation sehr ernst

to take a long-/short-term \view eine langfristige/vorläufige Perspektive einnehmen

to take an overall \view of sth etw von allen Seiten betrachten

▪ in \view of sth angesichts [o in Anbetracht] einer S. gen

▪ with a \view to doing sth mit der Absicht, etw zu tun

7. (idea) Vorstellung f

have you anything in \view for when you leave college? hast du [schon] irgendeine Idee, was du machen willst, wenn du vom College abgehst?

II. vt

1. (watch)

▪ to \view sth [from sth] etw [von etw dat aus] betrachten; (as a spectator) etw dat [von etw dat aus] zusehen [ o bes SÜDD, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ zuschauen

2. ( fig: consider)

▪ to \view sb/sth [as sb/sth] jdn/etw [als jdn/etw] betrachten

we \view the situation with concern wir betrachten die Lage mit Besorgnis

to \view sth from a different angle etw aus einem anderen Blickwinkel betrachten

3. (inspect)

▪ to \view sth sich dat etw ansehen

to \view a flat/a house eine Wohnung/ein Haus besichtigen

* * *
[vjuː]
1. n

1) (= range of vision) Sicht f

in full view of thousands of people — vor den Augen von tausenden or Tausenden von Menschen

the magician placed the box in full view of the audience — der Zauberer stellte die Kiste so auf, dass das ganze Publikum sie sehen konnte

the ship came into view —

I came into view of the lake — der See kam in Sicht or lag vor mir

to keep sth in view — etw im Auge behalten

the cameraman had a job keeping the plane in view — der Kameramann fand es schwierig, das Flugzeug zu verfolgen

to go out of view — außer Sicht kommen, verschwinden

the house is within view of the sea —

the house is exposed to view from passing trains — das Haus kann von vorbeifahrenden Zügen aus eingesehen werden

hidden from view — verborgen, versteckt

the horses were hidden from view behind the trees — die Pferde waren von den Bäumen verdeckt

she keeps the old china hidden from view — sie bewahrt das alte Porzellan im Verborgenen auf

the house is hidden from view from the main road — das Haus ist von der Hauptstraße aus nicht zu sehen

on view (for purchasing) — zur Ansicht; (of exhibits) ausgestellt

the painting will be on view tomorrow — das Bild kann morgen besichtigt werden

2) (= prospect, sight) Aussicht f

there is a splendid view from here/from the top — von hier/von der Spitze hat man einen herrlichen Blick or eine wunderschöne Aussicht

a view over... — ein Blick m über... (acc)

a good view of the sea — ein schöner Blick auf das Meer

a room with a view — ein Zimmer mit schöner Aussicht

I only got a side view of his head — ich habe seinen Kopf nur im Profil gesehen

he stood up to get a better view — er stand auf, um besser sehen zu können

3) (= photograph etc) Ansicht f (ALSO COMPUT)

I want to take a view of the forest — ich möchte eine Aufnahme vom Wald machen

views of London — Ansichten pl or Stadtbilder pl von London

views of the Alps — Alpenbilder

quick view (Comput) — Schnellansicht f

4) (= opinion) Ansicht f, Meinung f

in my view — meiner Ansicht or Meinung nach

to have or hold views on sth — Ansichten über etw (acc) haben

what are his views on this problem? — was meint er zu diesem Problem?

do you have any special views on the matter? — haben Sie eine besondere Meinung zu dieser Sache?

I have no views on that — ich habe keine Meinung dazu

to take the view that... — die Ansicht vertreten, dass...

or poor view of sb's conduct — jds Verhalten missbilligen

See:

→ point

5)

(= mental survey) an idealistic view of the world — eine idealistische Welt(an)sicht

a general or overall view of a problem —

a clear view of the facts — eine klare Übersicht über die Fakten

in view of — wegen (+gen), angesichts (+gen)

at first view —

we must not lose from view the fact that... I'll keep it in view — wir dürfen die Tatsache nicht aus dem Auge verlieren, dass... ich werde es im Auge behalten

6) (= intention, plan) Absicht f

to have sth in view — etw beabsichtigen

with a view to doing sth — mit der Absicht, etw zu tun

with this in view — im Hinblick darauf

he has the weekend in view when he says... — er denkt an das Wochenende, wenn er sagt...

2. vt

1) (= see) betrachten

2) (= examine) house besichtigen

3) (= consider) problem etc sehen

he views the prospect with dismay — er sieht dieser Sache mit Schrecken entgegen

4) (COMPUT: command) anzeigen

3. vi
(= watch television) fernsehen
* * *

view [vjuː]

A v/t

1. obs sehen, erblicken

2. (sich) etwas ansehen, besichtigen, in Augenschein nehmen:

view a flat eine Wohnung besichtigen

3. prüfen, untersuchen ( beide auch JUR)

4. fig (an)sehen, auffassen, betrachten, beurteilen ( alle:

as als)

B v/i fernsehen

C s

1. Besichtigung f, Inaugenscheinnahme f:

at first view auf den ersten Blick;

on nearer view bei näherer Betrachtung;

be plain to (the) view gut sichtbar sein

2. Prüfung f, Untersuchung f ( auch JUR)

3. Sicht f (auch fig):

in view

a) in Sicht, sichtbar,

b) fig in (Aus)Sicht;

in view of fig im Hinblick auf (akk), in Anbetracht oder angesichts (gen);

in full view of direkt vor jemandes Augen;

get a full view of etwas ganz zu sehen bekommen;

on view zu besichtigen(d), ausgestellt;

on the long view fig auf weite Sicht;

out of view außer Sicht, nicht mehr zu sehen;

come in view in Sicht kommen, sichtbar werden;

have in view fig im Auge haben, denken an (akk), beabsichtigen;

keep sth in view fig etwas im Auge behalten;

lose view of aus den Augen verlieren;

there is no view of success es besteht keine Aussicht auf Erfolg

4. a) (Aus)Sicht f, (Aus-)Blick m (of, over auf akk):

there is a grand view of the mountains from here von hier hat man einen herrlichen Blick auf die Berge

b) Szenerie f, Blick m

5. MAL, FOTO Ansicht f, Bild n:

views of London

6. (kritischer) Überblick (of über akk)

7. Absicht f:

with a view to

a) mit oder in der Absicht ( doing zu tun), zu dem Zwecke (gen), um zu (inf),

b) im Hinblick auf (akk)

8. (of, on) Ansicht f, Meinung f, Urteil n (von, über akk), Auffassung f (von):

view of life Lebensanschauung f;

in my view in meinen Augen, meines Erachtens;

what is your view on …? was halten Sie von …?, wie beurteilen Sie …?;

be of ( oder take) the view that … der Ansicht sein oder die Ansicht vertreten, dass …;

it is my view that … ich bin der Ansicht, dass …;

be of the same view der gleichen Ansicht sein;

form a view on sich ein Urteil bilden über (akk);

hold extreme views extreme Ansichten vertreten;

take a bright (dim, grave, strong) view of etwas optimistisch (pessimistisch, ernst, hart) beurteilen

9. Vorführung f:

the private view of a film

* * *
1. noun
1) (range of vision) Sicht, die

get a good view of something — etwas gut sehen können

have a clear/distant view of something — etwas deutlich/in der Ferne sehen können

be out of/in view — nicht zu sehen/zu sehen sein

come into view — in Sicht kommen

our hotel has a good view of the sea — von unserem Hotel aus kann man das Meer gut sehen

2) (what is seen) Aussicht, die

the views from here — die Aussicht von hier

a room with a view — ein Zimmer mit Aussicht

3) (picture) Ansicht, die

photographic view — Foto, das

4) (opinion) Ansicht, die

what is your view or are your views on this? — was meinst du dazu?

don't you have any view[s] about it? — hast du keine Meinung dazu?

the general/majority view is that... — die Allgemeinheit/Mehrheit ist der Ansicht, dass...

take a favourable view of something — etwas billigen

have or hold views about or on something — eine Meinung über etwas (Akk.) haben

hold or take the view that... — der Ansicht sein, dass...

in my view — meiner Ansicht nach

in somebody's view — nach jemandes Ansicht

I take a different view — ich bin anderer Ansicht

take a critical/grave/optimistic view of something — etwas kritisch/ernst/optimistisch beurteilen

5)

be on view — [Waren, Haus:] besichtigt werden können; [Bauplan:] [zur Einsicht] ausliegen

in view of something — (fig.) angesichts einer Sache

with a view to or with a or the view of doing something — in der Absicht, etwas zu tun

with a view to something — (fig.) mit etwas im Auge

with this in view — in Anbetracht dessen; see also point I 1.

6) (survey) Betrachtung, die; (of house, site) Besichtigung, die
2. transitive verb
1) (look at) sich (Dat.) ansehen

2) (consider) betrachten; beurteilen [Situation, Problem]

viewed in this light... — so gesehen...

I view the matter differently — ich sehe das anders

3) (inspect) besichtigen

ask to view something — darum bitten, etwas besichtigen zu dürfen
3. intransitive verb
(Telev.) fernsehen

* * *

v.

betrachten v.

prüfen v.

sehen v.

(§ p.,pp.: sah, gesehen) (in regard to) n.

Hinblick -e m. (of) n.

Betrachtungsweise f. n.

Anblick -e m.

Anschauung f.

Ansicht -en f.

Auffassung f.

Aussicht -en f.

Betrachtung f.

Blick -e m.

English-german dictionary > view
10 desde

prep.

1 since (time).

no lo veo desde el mes pasado/desde ayer I haven't seen him since last month/yesterday

desde ahora from now on

desde el principio from the beginning

desde hace mucho/un mes for ages/a month

desde… hasta… from… until…

desde el lunes hasta el viernes from Monday till Friday

desde entonces since then

desde que since

desde que murió mi madre since my mother died

desde ya right now (inmediatamente)

2 from (espacio).

desde arriba/fuera from above/the outside

desde… hasta… from… to…

desde aquí hasta el centro from here to the center

Está listo desde ese día It is ready from that day.

3 from.

desde 100.000 pesos from 100,000 pesos

* * *

desde

► preposición

1 (tiempo) since

■ desde 1992 since 1992

■ ¿desde cuándo? since when?

■ desde entonces since then, from then on

■ no hemos ido al cine desde hace un mes we haven't been to the cinema for a month

2 (lugar) from

■ desde allí from there

■ desde lo alto from the top of

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

desde ahora from now on

desde hace mucho tiempo for a long time

desde... hasta from... to

■ desde la una hasta las cuatro from one o'clock to four

■ desde Barcelona hasta Tarragona from Barcelona to Tarragona

desde luego (en realidad) really 2 (como respuesta) of course, certainly

desde que since

■ desde que nos encontramos llama cada día since we met he phones me every day

* * *

prep.

1) since

2) from

•

- desde ahora
- desde entonces
- desde luego
* * *

PREP

1) [indicando origen] from

lo llamaré desde la oficina — I'll ring him from the office

desde Burgos hay 30km — it's 30km from Burgos

desde Ávila hasta Madrid — from Ávila to Madrid

• desde abajo — from below

• desde arriba — from above

• desde lejos — from a long way off, from afar liter

2) [con cantidades, categorías] from

camisetas desde ocho euros — T-shirts from eight euros

los platos van desde la pasta hasta la paella — the dishes range from pasta to paella

3) [en el tiempo]

desde el martes — (=el pasado) since Tuesday; (=el próximo) after Tuesday

desde el siglo XV en adelante — from the 15th century onward

no existe desde 1960 — it ceased to exist in 1960

• desde ahora — from now on

• ¿desde cuándo vives aquí? — how long have you been living here?

¿desde cuándo ocurre esto? — how long has this been happening?

• desde entonces — since then

• desde hace tres años — for three years

está lloviendo desde hace tres días — it's been raining for three days

• desde el 4 hasta el 16 — from the 4th until o to the 16th

cerramos desde las dos hasta las cuatro — we close from two until o to four

• desde niño — since childhood, since I was a child

la conozco desde niño — I've known her since I was a child

• desde siempre — always

-¿desde cuándo eres comunista? -desde siempre — "since when have you been a communist?" - "I've always been one"

4)

• desde luego —

a) (=por supuesto) of course

-¿vendrás? -desde luego — "are you coming?" - "of course (I am)"

eso, desde luego, no es culpa mía — that, of course, is not my fault

-¿quieres venir con nosotros? -desde luego que sí — "do you want to come with us?" - "of course I do"

-¿no sabes nada de eso? -desde luego que no — "you don't know anything about it?" - "of course not"

no era muy morena pero rubia desde luego que no — she wasn't really dark-haired, but she certainly wasn't blonde

b) [como coletilla]

desde luego, vaya fama estamos cogiendo — we're certainly getting quite a reputation

desde luego, ¿quién lo iba a pensar? — I ask you, who would have thought it?, well, who would have thought it?

¡mira que olvidarte de llamar! ¡desde luego que eres despistado! — how could you forget to phone? you're so absent-minded!

5)

• desde que — since

desde que llegó el invierno — since winter arrived

desde que llegó no ha salido — he hasn't been out since he arrived

desde que se ha mudado está mejor — he's been better since he moved

desde que se inventó la televisión — (ever) since television was invented

escribo desde que era pequeña — I've been writing since I was little

desde que puedo recordar — ever since I can remember, as long as I can remember
DESDE Expresiones temporales En expresiones temporales, desde puede traducirse por since, from o, en combinación con hace/ hacía, por for. ► Desde ( que ) se traduce por since siempre que se especifique a partir de cuándo comenzó una acción o un estado que sigue desarrollándose en el presente o en el momento en que se habla: Llevo aquí de vacaciones desde el viernes I have been here on holiday since Friday No come mejillones desde que sufrió aquella intoxicación alimenticia He hasn't eaten mussels since he had that bout of food poisoning Dijo que no la había visto desde la guerra He said he hadn't seen her since the war NOTA: Hay que tener en cuenta que en casos como estos cuando se trata de algo que comienza en el pasado y sigue en el presente, el inglés hace uso del {pretérito perfecto} (en sus formas simple o progresiva). ► Traducimos desde por from cuando desde simplemente indica el momento en el que empezó la acción cuando la oración indica el final de la acción o se implica, de algún modo, que esta ya ha terminado: Y desde aquel día el rey no volvió a hablar del asunto And from that day on(wards), the king never spoke about the subject again ► La construcción desde ... hasta se traduce por from ... until o por from ... to: Trabajamos desde las nueve de la mañana hasta las cinco de la tarde We work from nine in the morning until o to five in the afternoon Tendrás que pagar el alquiler desde julio hasta octubre You will have to pay rent from July until o to October ► Desde hace y desde hacía se traducen por for ya que van seguidos de una cantidad de tiempo: Estoy esperando desde hace más de una hora I have been waiting for over an hour No se había sentido tan feliz desde hacía años He hadn't felt so happy for years ► En oraciones interrogativas, desde cuándo se traduce por how long. En este tipo de preguntas, el inglés utiliza el pretérito perfecto para referirse a algo que empezó en el pasado y continúa en el presente: ¿Desde cuándo os conocéis? How long have you known each other? Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
* * *

preposición

1) ( en el tiempo) since

desde entonces/desde que se casó — since then/since he got married

¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? - desde siempre! — since when have you liked mussels? - I've always liked them!

¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? — how long have you been working here?

desde niño — since he/I was a child

desde que tengo memoria — for as long as I remember

desde el primer momento or un principio — right from the start

no los veo desde hace meses — I haven't seen them for months

estaba enfermo desde hacía un año — he had been ill for a year

desde el 15 hasta el 30 — from the 15th to o until the 30th

2) ( en el espacio) from

desde aquí/allá — from here/there

¿desde dónde tengo que leer? — where do I have to read from?

desde mi punto de vista — from my point of view

desde la página 12 hasta la 20 — from page 12 (up) to page 20

desde la cabeza hasta los pies — from head to foot

3) (en escalas, jerarquías) from

blusas desde 9 euros — blouses from 9 euros

desde el director hasta el último empleado — from the director (down) to the lowest employee

* * *

= from, from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. In all types of libraries in Lesotho, shortage of, and the need for trained librarians has been felt from as far back as the mid-1970s.

----

* desde allí = thence.

* desde antiguo = from time immemorial.

* desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.

* desde aquel momento = ever after.

* desde cero = from the ground up.

* desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).

* desde dentro = from within, from the inside, from the inside-out, inside-out.

* desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.

* desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.

* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from sunrise to sunset, from sun up to sun down, from sun up to sun down, from sun to sun.

* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.

* desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.

* desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.

* desde el primer día = from day one.

* desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.

* desde el principio = from the start, all along, ab initio, from the outset, from the beginning, from the word go, from the word get-go.

* desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.

* desde el punto de vista de = in terms of, from the vantage of.

* desde el punto de vista de la conservación = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA], medically, medically, musically, preservationally.

* desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.

* desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.

* desde el punto de vista de la cinética = kinetically.

* desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.

* desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.

* desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.

* desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.

* desde el punto de vista de la mitosis = mitotically.

* desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.

* desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.

* desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.

* desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.

* desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.

* desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.

* desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.

* desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.

* desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.

* desde el punto de vista del medio ambiente = environmentally.

* desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.

* desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.

* desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.

* desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.

* desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.

* desde el punto de vista económico = fiscally.

* desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.

* desde el punto de vista político = politically.

* desde el punto de vista profesional = career-wise [careerwise].

* desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.

* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.

* desde ese día = since that day.

* desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.

* desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.

* desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.

* desde + Expresión Temporal = since + Expresión Temporal, ever since + Expresión Temporal.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.

* desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.

* desde + Fecha/Lugar + en adelante = from + Fecha/Lugar + onward(s).

* desde fuera = from the outside.

* desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.

* desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.

* desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace muchos años = for years.

* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.

* desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.

* desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.

* desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.

* desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.

* desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.

* desde hace ya años = for years now.

* desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....

* desde hoy en adelante = as from today.

* desde la antigüedad = since ancient times.

* desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* desde la época de/cuando = since the days of/when.

* desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.

* desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.

* desde la perspectiva de = in light of.

* desde la prehistoria = since prehistoric times.

* desde lejos = from a distance, from afar.

* desde los comienzos = from an early stage.

* desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.

* desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.

* desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.

* desde mitad de + Expresión Temporal + en adelante = from the mid + Expresión Temporal + onwards.

* desde muy antiguo = since olden times.

* desde muy lejos = from afar.

* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....

* desde + perspectiva = against + backdrop.

* desde principio a fin = throughout.

* desde principios de siglo = since the turn of the century, from the turn of the century.

* desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.

* desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.

* desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.

* desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.

* desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.

* desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.

* desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.

* desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.

* desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = along + Adjetivo + line.

* desde un extremo... al otro = from one end... to the other.

* desde un punto de vista académico = academically.

* desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.

* desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, medically.

* desde un punto de vista clínico = clinically.

* desde un punto de vista cognitivo = cognitively.

* desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.

* desde un punto de vista cultural = culturally.

* desde un punto de vista ecológico = ecologically.

* desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.

* desde un punto de vista estético = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].

* desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.

* desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.

* desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.

* desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.

* desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.

* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista médico = medically, medically.

* desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.

* desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.

* desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.

* desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.

* desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.

* desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.

* desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.

* desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.

* desde un punto vista ético = ethically.

* existir desde hace años = be around for years.

* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.

* * *

preposición

1) ( en el tiempo) since

desde entonces/desde que se casó — since then/since he got married

¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? - desde siempre! — since when have you liked mussels? - I've always liked them!

¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? — how long have you been working here?

desde niño — since he/I was a child

desde que tengo memoria — for as long as I remember

desde el primer momento or un principio — right from the start

no los veo desde hace meses — I haven't seen them for months

estaba enfermo desde hacía un año — he had been ill for a year

desde el 15 hasta el 30 — from the 15th to o until the 30th

2) ( en el espacio) from

desde aquí/allá — from here/there

¿desde dónde tengo que leer? — where do I have to read from?

desde mi punto de vista — from my point of view

desde la página 12 hasta la 20 — from page 12 (up) to page 20

desde la cabeza hasta los pies — from head to foot

3) (en escalas, jerarquías) from

blusas desde 9 euros — blouses from 9 euros

desde el director hasta el último empleado — from the director (down) to the lowest employee

* * *

= from, from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: In all types of libraries in Lesotho, shortage of, and the need for trained librarians has been felt from as far back as the mid-1970s.

* desde allí = thence.

* desde antiguo = from time immemorial.

* desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.

* desde aquel momento = ever after.

* desde cero = from the ground up.

* desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).

* desde dentro = from within, from the inside, from the inside-out, inside-out.

* desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.

* desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.

* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from sunrise to sunset, from sun up to sun down, from sun up to sun down, from sun to sun.

* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.

* desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.

* desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.

* desde el primer día = from day one.

* desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.

* desde el principio = from the start, all along, ab initio, from the outset, from the beginning, from the word go, from the word get-go.

* desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.

* desde el punto de vista de = in terms of, from the vantage of.

* desde el punto de vista de la conservación = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA], medically, medically, musically, preservationally.

* desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.

* desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.

* desde el punto de vista de la cinética = kinetically.

* desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.

* desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.

* desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.

* desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.

* desde el punto de vista de la mitosis = mitotically.

* desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.

* desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.

* desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.

* desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.

* desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.

* desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.

* desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.

* desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.

* desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.

* desde el punto de vista del medio ambiente = environmentally.

* desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.

* desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.

* desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.

* desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.

* desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.

* desde el punto de vista económico = fiscally.

* desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.

* desde el punto de vista político = politically.

* desde el punto de vista profesional = career-wise [careerwise].

* desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.

* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.

* desde ese día = since that day.

* desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.

* desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.

* desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.

* desde + Expresión Temporal = since + Expresión Temporal, ever since + Expresión Temporal.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.

* desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.

* desde + Fecha/Lugar + en adelante = from + Fecha/Lugar + onward(s).

* desde fuera = from the outside.

* desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.

* desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.

* desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace muchos años = for years.

* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).

* desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.

* desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.

* desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.

* desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.

* desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.

* desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.

* desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.

* desde hace ya años = for years now.

* desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....

* desde hoy en adelante = as from today.

* desde la antigüedad = since ancient times.

* desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* desde la época de/cuando = since the days of/when.

* desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.

* desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.

* desde la perspectiva de = in light of.

* desde la prehistoria = since prehistoric times.

* desde lejos = from a distance, from afar.

* desde los comienzos = from an early stage.

* desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.

* desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.

* desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.

* desde mitad de + Expresión Temporal + en adelante = from the mid + Expresión Temporal + onwards.

* desde muy antiguo = since olden times.

* desde muy lejos = from afar.

* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....

* desde + perspectiva = against + backdrop.

* desde principio a fin = throughout.

* desde principios de siglo = since the turn of the century, from the turn of the century.

* desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.

* desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.

* desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.

* desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.

* desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.

* desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.

* desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.

* desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.

* desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = along + Adjetivo + line.

* desde un extremo... al otro = from one end... to the other.

* desde un punto de vista académico = academically.

* desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.

* desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, medically.

* desde un punto de vista clínico = clinically.

* desde un punto de vista cognitivo = cognitively.

* desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.

* desde un punto de vista cultural = culturally.

* desde un punto de vista ecológico = ecologically.

* desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.

* desde un punto de vista estético = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].

* desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.

* desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.

* desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.

* desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.

* desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.

* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista médico = medically, medically.

* desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.

* desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.

* desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.

* desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.

* desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.

* desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.

* desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.

* desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.

* desde un punto vista ético = ethically.

* existir desde hace años = be around for years.

* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.

* * *

desde

prep

A (en el tiempo) since

desde entonces/desde que se casó no lo he vuelto a ver I haven't seen him again since then/since he got married

estamos aquí desde el mes pasado we've been here since last month

¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? how long have you been working here?

¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? — ¡desde siempre! since when have you liked mussels? — I've always liked them!

¿desde cuándo hay que hacerlo así? — desde ahora when do we have to start doing it that way? — as from now

desde niño había sido muy ambicioso he had been very ambitious ever since he was a child

desde el primer momento or un principio right from the start o the outset

no los veo desde hace meses I haven't seen them for months

estaba enfermo desde hacía un año he had been ill for a year

desde que + SUBJ

( liter): desde que llegara a ese país since the day that she arrived in that country

desde que aprendiera a escribir since the time I learned to write

DESDE … HASTA:

estará abierto desde el 15 hasta el 30 it will be open from the 15th to o till o until the 30th

desde que llegó hasta que se fue from the time she arrived to the time she left

desde ya ya¹ adv C. (↑ ya (1))

B (en el espacio) from

les mandé una postal desde Dublín I sent them a postcard from Dublin

lo vi desde la ventana I saw him from the window

¿desde dónde tengo que leer? where do I have to read from?

desde mi punto de vista from my point of view

nosotros, desde aquí, intentaremos hacer lo que podamos we'll do what we can here o from this end o from our end

DESDE … HASTA … FROM … TO …

desde la página 12 hasta la 20 from page 12 to o as far as o up to page 20

desde la cabeza hasta los pies from head to foot

C (en escalas, jerarquías) from

blusas desde 12 euros blouses from 12 euros

DESDE … HASTA … FROM … TO …

todos, desde los trabajadores hasta los empresarios, … everyone, from the workers (up) to the management, …

desde el director hasta el último empleado de la compañía from the director (down) to the lowest employee in the company

temas que van desde la reforma penal hasta la crisis económica subjects ranging from penal reform to the economic crisis

D

desde luego luego¹ adv E. (↑ luego (1))

* * *

desde preposición
1 ( en el tiempo) since;
◊ desde entonces/desde que se casó since then/since he got married;

¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? how long have you been working here?;
desde el primer momento right from the start;
no los veo desde hace meses I haven't seen them for months;
desde el 15 hasta el 30 from the 15th to o until the 30th
2 ( en el espacio) from;
◊ desde aquí/allá from here/there;

¿desde dónde tengo que leer? where do I have to read from?;
desde la página 12 hasta la 20 from page 12 (up) to page 20
3 (en escalas, jerarquías) from;
◊ blusas desde 12 euros blouses from 12 euros

desde
I preposición
1 (punto en que comienza a contarse el tiempo) since: estuvo allí desde el jueves hasta el lunes, she was there from Thursday until Monday
no he hablado con él desde hace meses, I haven't talked to him for months
¿desde cuándo lo sabes?, how long have you known?
desde que María me lo dijo, ever since Maria told me
desde ayer, since yesterday
desde esta mañana, from this morning on
2 (punto en que comienza a contarse una distancia o se señala una perspectiva) from
desde aquí, from here
desde la ventana, from the window
figurado habla desde la ignorancia, he speaks out from ignorance
♦ Locuciones: desde luego, of course
desde siempre, always
' desde' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonarse
- arriba
- borrasca
- caer
- cuándo
- desarrollar
- doblarse
- donde
- ermitaña
- ermitaño
- españolizar
- ir
- gritar
- judoka
- lloro
- llover
- lozana
- lozano
- luego
- mendicidad
- mustia
- mustio
- nos
- residir
- risa
- robar
- rondar
- siempre
- tarde
- ver
- vivir
- yudoka
- abajo
- antiguo
- arrastrar
- bombardear
- bombardeo
- descender
- descenso
- dominar
- exterior
- mejor
- memoria
- mirar
- pie
- razón
- retroactivo
- saber
- ser
- simpatizar
English:
absolutely
- all
- approach
- arouse
- back up
- beginning
- blow
- burning
- can
- carry
- certainly
- conception
- ease off
- ease up
- educationally
- elapse
- explode
- first
- for
- from
- go
- gorgeous
- grandstand
- hear of
- hence
- inherent
- jump down
- kerb-crawl
- kerb-crawling
- know
- listen
- look down
- lost
- mainland
- off
- ought
- outset
- outside
- pass down
- perspective
- range
- respect
- scene
- see
- since
- spectacular
- splendid
- standing
- talk down
- then

* * *

desde

♦ prep

1. [indica tiempo] since;

no lo veo desde el mes pasado/desde ayer I haven't seen him since last month/since yesterday;

desde aquel día, nada volvió a ser igual from that day on, things were never the same again;

desde ahora from now on;

¿desde cuándo? since when?;

¿desde cuándo se conocen? how long o since when have you known each other?;

¿desde cuándo no hay que llamar para entrar? since when has it been all right to come in without knocking?;

desde entonces since then;

no la veo desde hace un año I haven't seen her for a year, it's a year since I last saw her;

desde hace dos días no come she hasn't eaten for two days;

¿desde cuánto hace que no come? how long has she not been eating?;

desde hace mucho/un mes for ages/a month;

trabaja para ellos desde hace poco she recently started working for them;

te espero desde hace más de una hora I've been waiting for you for more than an hour;
Fam
¡desde hace que no la veo! [en tono enfático] I haven't seen her for AGES!;

desde… hasta… from… until…;

desde el lunes hasta el viernes from Monday Br till o US through Friday;

desde el 1 hasta el 15 de septiembre from 1 to 15 September;

desde niño o [m5] desde pequeño me enseñaron a dar las gracias I was brought up to say thank you to people from an early age;

desde el principio supe que no iba a salir bien I knew from the very beginning o from the word go it wasn't going to turn out well;

desde que since;

desde que la vi en el teatro, no he vuelto a saber nada de ella I haven't heard from her since (the day) I saw her at the theatre;

desde que murió mi madre since my mother died;

desde ya [inmediatamente] right now;

ponte a ordenar esta habitación desde ya start tidying this room this instant

2. [indica espacio] from;

desde mi ventana se ve el puerto you can see the harbour from my window;

vinieron a vernos desde Santiago they came from Santiago to visit us;

¿desde dónde nos disparan? where are they shooting at us from?;

desde arriba/abajo from above/below;

visto desde arriba, parece más grande seen from above, it looks bigger;

se ve desde lejos it can be seen from a long way away;

desde… hasta… from… to…;

desde aquí hasta el centro from here to the centre;

desde un punto de vista jurídico… from a legal point of view…;

afrontemos el proceso de paz desde la democracia y el respeto let us enter the peace process in a spirit of democracy and respect

3. [indica cantidad mínima] from;

desde 10.000 euros from 10,000 euros

4. [indica lo que se abarca]
desde… hasta… from… to…;

se encargan de todo, desde el viaje hasta el alojamiento they take care of everything, from the travel arrangements to the accommodation;

sabe hacer de todo, desde cambiar un fusible hasta arreglar una moto she can do all sorts of things, from changing a fuse to repairing a motorbike

♦ desde luego loc adv

1. [por supuesto]
¡desde luego (que sí)! of course!;

¡desde luego que me gusta! of course I like it!;

¡desde luego que no os ayudaré! no way am I going to help you!, I'm certainly not going to help you!

2. [en tono de reproche]
¡desde luego! for goodness' sake!;

¡desde luego! ¡no te creía capaz de una cosa así! I certainly didn't think you were capable of something like this!;

¡desde luego, tienes cada idea! you really come out with some funny ideas!

* * *

desde

prp

1 en el tiempo since;

desde 1993 since 1993;

desde que since;

desde hace tres días for three days;

desde hace mucho/poco for a long/short time;

desde mañana from tomorrow;

desde ya Rpl right away

2 en el espacio from;

desde arriba/abajo from above/below;

te veo desde aquí I can see you from here

3 en escala from;

desde … hasta … from … to …

4

:

desde luego of course

* * *

desde prep

1) : from

2) : since

3)

desde ahora : from now on

4)

desde entonces : since then

5)

desde hace : for, since (a time)

ha estado nevando desde hace dos días: it's been snowing for two days

6)

desde luego : of course

7)

desde que : since, ever since

8)

desde ya : right now, immediately

* * *

desde prep

1. (lugar, cantidad) from

vengo corriendo desde la estación I've run all the way from the station

desde la colina se ve todo el pueblo you can see the whole village from the hill

2. (tiempo al mencionar el momento específico) since

no sabemos nada de ellos desde que se casaron we haven't heard anything from them since they got married

nos conocemos desde enero we've known each other since January

3. (tiempo al mencionar el período de tiempo) for

vive aquí desde hace dos años he's lived here for two years

desde hace mucho tiempo for a long time

desde... hasta from... to

desde las ocho hasta las tres from eight to three

desde entonces since then / from then on

desde luego of course

desde siempre always

¿desde cuándo? how long?

¿desde cuándo pasas las vacaciones aquí? how long have you been coming here on holiday?

Spanish-English dictionary > desde
11 vista

f.

1 sight, eyesight (sentido).

tiene buena/mala vista, está bien/mal de la vista she has good/poor eyesight

perder la vista to lose one's sight, to go blind

corto de vista short-sighted

vista cansada eyestrain

2 watching.

3 gaze (mirada).

dirigió la vista hacia la pantalla she turned her eyes o gaze to the screen

fijar la vista en to fix one's eyes on, to stare at

a primera o simple vista at first sight, on the face of it (aparentemente)

4 view (panorama).

una habitación con vistas a room with a view

con vistas al mar with a sea view

vista frontal front view

vista lateral side view

vista panorámica bird's-eye-view

5 hearing (law).

6 court hearing, hearing, trial.

7 customs inspector.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: ver.

pres.subj.

1^st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: vestir.

* * *

vista

► nombre femenino

1 (visión) sight, vision

2 (ojo) eye, eyes plural

3 (panorama) view

4 (aspecto) appearance, aspect, look

5 (dibujo, cuadro, foto) view

6 (intención) intention

7 (propósito) outlook, prospect

8 DERECHO trial, hearing

► nombre femenino plural vistas

1 view sing

■ la habitación tiene vistas al mar the room has a view of the sea

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a la vista at sight, on sight

■ pagadero a la vista payable at sight

a la vista de todos (públicamente) in full view of everyone 2 (abiertamente) openly

a primera vista / a simple vista at first sight

■ a primera vista parecía más complicado at first sight it looked more complicated

a tantos días vista so many days after sight

ver algo a vista de pájaro to have a a bird's-eye view of something

■ Londres a vista de pájaro a bird's-eye view of London

actuar con mucha vista figurado to act with great foresight

alzar la vista to raise one's eyes, look up

apartar la vista de algo/alguien to look away from something/somebody

bajar la vista to look down

clavar la vista en algo / fijar la vista en algo to stare at something

comerse algo/alguien con la vista figurado to devour something/somebody with one's eyes

con vistas a (hacia) overlooking 2 (pensando en) with a view to, in anticipation of

conocer a alguien de vista to know somebody by sight

en vista de in view of, considering

estar a la vista to be evident, be obvious

■ está a la vista que no lo conseguirán it's obvious they won't manage it

hacer la vista gorda familiar to turn a blind eye

no quitar la vista de encima figurado not to take one's eyes off

■ no pudo quitarle la vista de encima he couldn't take his eyes off her

poner a la vista to put on show

quitar de la vista to take away

ser agradable a la vista to be pleasing to the eye

ser corto,-a de vista to be short-sighted

tener la vista cansada to be suffering from eyestrain

tener mala vista to have poor eyesight

tener mucha vista figurado to be far-sighted

tener vista de lince figurado to be eagle-eyed, have eyes like a hawk

volver la vista atrás to look back

* * *

noun f.

1) vision, eyesight

2) view, sight

3) glance, look

4) hearing

* * *

1. SF

1) (=visión) sight, eyesight

hasta donde alcanza la vista — as far as the eye can see

el coche desapareció de mi vista — the car disappeared from sight

• nublarse la vista, se me nubló la vista — my eyes clouded over

• perder la vista — to lose one's sight

• tener buena/mala vista — to have good/bad eyesight

- hacer la vista gorda

vista cansada — (por defecto) longsightedness; (por agotamiento) eyestrain

vista corta — short sight

vista de águila, vista de lince — eagle eye

tener vista de águila o de lince — to have eagle eyes, to have eyes like a hawk o a lynx

2) (=ojos)

a) (=órgano) eyes [pl]

tiene un problema en la vista — she has something wrong with her eyes

a la altura de la vista — at eye level

una luz que hiere la vista — a dazzling light, a light that hurts one's eyes

• torcer la vista — to squint

b) (=mirada)

¡vista a la derecha! — (Mil) eyes right!

• aguzar la vista — (para ver a lo lejos) to screw one's eyes up; (para descubrir algo) to look sharp

• alzar la vista — to look up

• apartar la vista — to look away

no apartar la vista de algo — to keep one's eyes glued to sth

• bajar la vista — to look down, lower one's gaze

• buscar algo con la vista — to look around for sth

• clavar la vista en algn/algo — to stare at sb/sth, fix one's eyes on sb/sth

• dirigir la vista a algn/algo — to look towards sb/sth, turn one's gaze on sb/sth

• echar una vista a algn/algo — to take a look at sb/sth

• fijar la vista en algn/algo — to stare at sb/sth, fix one's eyes on sb/sth

• medir a algn con la vista — to size sb up

• pasar la vista por algo — to look over sth, glance quickly at sth

• con la vista puesta en la pared — with his eyes fixed on the wall

con la vista puesta en las elecciones — with a view to the elections

con la vista puesta en la futura legislación medioambiental, la compañía ha sacado un nuevo modelo — in the light of the forthcoming environmental legislation, the company has launched a new model

•¡ quítate de mi vista! — get out of my sight!

• recorrer algo con la vista — to run one's eye over sth

• seguir algo con la vista — to follow sth with one's eyes

• volver la vista — to look away

volver la vista atrás — to look back

- comerse o devorar a algn con la vista

- perder algo de vista

- no perder a algn de vista

saltar a la vista —

su inteligencia salta a la vista — she is strikingly intelligent

una cosa que salta a la vista es... — one thing that immediately hits o strikes you is...

salta a la vista que... — it's blindingly obvious that...

3) (=perspicacia) foresight

tuvieron vista para comprar las acciones — they showed foresight in buying the shares, it was shrewd of them to buy the shares

ha tenido mucha vista con el piso — he was very far-sighted about the flat

tener vista para los negocios — to have good business acumen

4) (=panorama) view

la vista desde el castillo — the view from the castle

• con vistas a, con vistas a la montaña — with a view of the mountains

una habitación con vistas al mar — a room with a sea view, a room overlooking the sea

con vistas al oeste — facing west

vista anterior, vista frontal — front view

5) (Fot) (=imagen) view

una tarjeta con una vista de Venecia — a card with a view of Venice

vista de pájaro — bird's-eye view

observar algo a vista de pájaro — to get a bird's-eye view of sth

vista fija — still

vista frontal — front view

6) (otras expresiones)

a)

• a la vista — in sight o view

la parte que quedaba a la vista — the part that was visible o in view

no es muy agradable a la vista — it's not a pretty sight, it's not very pleasant to look at

cuenta a la vista — (Econ) instant access account

a la vista está (que...) — it's obvious (that...), you can see for yourself (that...)

no tengo ningún proyecto a la vista — I have no plans in sight

estaré a la vista de lo que pase — I will keep an eye on developments

yo me quedo a la vista del fuego — I'll keep an eye on the fire

a la vista, no son pobres — from what you can tell, they're not poor

• a la vista de todos — in full view (of everyone)

los resultados están a la vista de todos — the results are there for everyone to see

lo fríen a la vista del cliente — it's fried in front of the customer

a la vista de tal espectáculo — at the sight of such a scene

a la vista de sus informes — in the light of o in view of his reports

• poner algo a la vista — to put sth on view

b)

•a... años/días vista, pagadero a 30 días vista — payable within 30 days

a un año vista de las elecciones — (=antes) a year before the elections

a cinco años vista — (=después) five years from then

a dos años vista de la exposición — two years after the exhibition

c)

• con vistas a — with a view to

con vistas a una solución del problema — with a view to solving the problem

han modernizado el estadio con vistas al Mundial — they have modernized the stadium ahead of the World Cup

una medida con vistas al futuro — a measure taken with the future in mind

d)

•de vista — by sight

conocer a algn de vista — to know sb by sight

•en vista de — in view of

en vista de que... — in view of the fact that...

•¡ hasta la vista! — see you!, so long!

• a primera vista — at first sight, on the face of it

• a simple vista — (=sin ayuda de aparatos) to the naked eye; (=por la primera impresión) at first sight

7) (=aspecto) appearance, looks [pl]

esos plátanos no tienen muy buena vista — those bananas don't look too good

un coche con una vista estupenda — a wonderful-looking car

de vista poco agradable — not very nice to look at, unprepossessing

8) (Jur) hearing

vista de una causa — hearing of a case

vista oral — first hearing

9) pl vistas ( Hist) meeting [sing], conference [sing]

2.

SMF (tb: vista de aduana) customs official

* * *
I
masculino y femenino customs officer o official
II
femenino

1)

a) ( sentido) sight, eyesight

tener buena/mala vista — to have good/bad eyesight

ser corto de vista — to be near-sighted

perdió la vista — he lost his sight

b) ( ojos) eyes

le hace daño a la vista — it hurts his eyes

lo operaron de la vista — he had an eye operation

c) ( perspicacia) vision

- vista cansada

2)

a) ( mirada)

alzar or levantar/bajar la vista — to look up/down

torcer la vista — to be cross-eyed, to have a squint

fijó la vista en el horizonte — she fixed her eyes on the horizon

b) ( espectáculo) sight

3) (en locs)

a la vista: tierra a la vista! land ho!; ponlo bien a la vista put it where it can be seen easily; estar/no estar a la vista to be within/out of sight; pagar al portador y a la vista pay the bearer at sight; cuenta corriente a la vista sight account; a la vista de todos in full view of everyone; ¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?; a primera or a simple vista at first sight o glance; se notaba a simple vista you could tell just by looking; con vistas a with a view to; de vista by sight; en vista: tener algo/a alguien en vista to have something/somebody in mind; en vista de in view of; en vista de que... in view of the fact that...; hasta la vista! see you!, so long! (colloq); a vista de pájaro: ver algo a vista de pájaro to get a bird's-eye view of something; a vista y paciencia de alguien (Chi, Per fam) in front of somebody; hacer la vista gorda to turn a blind eye; perder algo/a alguien de vista to lose sight of something/somebody; al terminar la carrera los perdí de vista I lost touch with them when we graduated; perderse de vista to disappear from view; saltar a la vista: lo primero que salta a la vista es el color que tiene the first thing that hits o strikes you is the color; salta a la vista que hicieron trampa it's obvious they cheated; tener la vista puesta en algo/alguien to have one's eye on something/somebody; tener vista de águila or lince to have eyes like a hawk; volver la vista atrás — to look back

4) ( panorama) view

con vista al mar — with a sea view

vista aérea — aerial view

5) (Der) hearing

la vista del juicio se celebrará el... — the hearing will take place on...

6) (Com, Fin)

a 20 días vista — within 20 days

* * *
I
masculino y femenino customs officer o official
II
femenino

1)

a) ( sentido) sight, eyesight

tener buena/mala vista — to have good/bad eyesight

ser corto de vista — to be near-sighted

perdió la vista — he lost his sight

b) ( ojos) eyes

le hace daño a la vista — it hurts his eyes

lo operaron de la vista — he had an eye operation

c) ( perspicacia) vision

- vista cansada

2)

a) ( mirada)

alzar or levantar/bajar la vista — to look up/down

torcer la vista — to be cross-eyed, to have a squint

fijó la vista en el horizonte — she fixed her eyes on the horizon

b) ( espectáculo) sight

3) (en locs)

a la vista: tierra a la vista! land ho!; ponlo bien a la vista put it where it can be seen easily; estar/no estar a la vista to be within/out of sight; pagar al portador y a la vista pay the bearer at sight; cuenta corriente a la vista sight account; a la vista de todos in full view of everyone; ¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?; a primera or a simple vista at first sight o glance; se notaba a simple vista you could tell just by looking; con vistas a with a view to; de vista by sight; en vista: tener algo/a alguien en vista to have something/somebody in mind; en vista de in view of; en vista de que... in view of the fact that...; hasta la vista! see you!, so long! (colloq); a vista de pájaro: ver algo a vista de pájaro to get a bird's-eye view of something; a vista y paciencia de alguien (Chi, Per fam) in front of somebody; hacer la vista gorda to turn a blind eye; perder algo/a alguien de vista to lose sight of something/somebody; al terminar la carrera los perdí de vista I lost touch with them when we graduated; perderse de vista to disappear from view; saltar a la vista: lo primero que salta a la vista es el color que tiene the first thing that hits o strikes you is the color; salta a la vista que hicieron trampa it's obvious they cheated; tener la vista puesta en algo/alguien to have one's eye on something/somebody; tener vista de águila or lince to have eyes like a hawk; volver la vista atrás — to look back

4) ( panorama) view

con vista al mar — with a sea view

vista aérea — aerial view

5) (Der) hearing

la vista del juicio se celebrará el... — the hearing will take place on...

6) (Com, Fin)

a 20 días vista — within 20 days

* * *

vista¹

¹ = sight, eyesight.

Ex: The seers -- the sybils and prophets -- of Michelangelo's Sistine Ceiling reveal imperfections of bodily sight (such as near- and far-sightedness), emphasizing their spiritual foresight.

Ex: Often microform makes users aware of hitherto unnoticed eyesight defects.

* a la vista = in sight, within sight.

* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.

* algo desagradable a la vista = a blot on the landscape.

* amor a primera vista = love at first sight.

* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* apartar la vista = look + the other way.

* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.

* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.

* a vista de pájaro = bird's eye view.

* cansar la vista = cause + eyestrain.

* con problemas de vista = vision impaired.

* con vistas a = with an eye toward(s), overlook.

* con vistas a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).

* con vistas a + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.

* corto de vista = nearsighted [near-sighted].

* desagradable a la vista = eyesore.

* de vista aguda = sharp-eyed.

* empeoramiento de la vista = failing eyesight.

* en vista de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.

* en vista de que = seeing that/as.

* fuera de la vista = out of view.

* hacer la vista gorda = look + the other way, turn + a blind eye to, pretend + not to have seen.

* hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see.

* levantar la vista = look up.

* mala vista = poor eyesight.

* no perder de vista = keep + an eye on, keep + a beady eye on, keep in + sight.

* no volver la vista atrás = never + look back.

* perder de vista = lose from + sight, drop from + sight, lose + sight of.

* perder de vista el hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.

* perder la vista = become + blind.

* personas con problemas de vista, las = visually impaired, the, visually disabled, the, visually handicapped, the, visually impaired people (VIPs), visually challenged, the.

* persona sin problemas de vista = sighted person.

* plan de adquisición de material a vista = approval plan.

* problemas con la vista = poor eyesight.

* regalarse la vista con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.

* saltar a la vista = be patently clear.

* sin perder de vista = with an eye on.

* sin problemas de vista = sighted.

* tener la vista cansada = need + reading glasses.

* todo está a la vista = what you see is what you get.

* torcer la vista = squint.

* vista cansada = visual fatigue, eyestrain [eye strain], presbyopia.

* vista fatigada = eyestrain [eye strain].

* volver la vista atrás = look back.

vista²

* adoptar un punto de vista = embrace + view.

* analizar desde un punto de vista crítico = cast + a critical eye over.

* argumento que presenta sólo un punto de vista = one-sided argument.

* argument que presenta los dos puntos de vista = two-sided argument.

* ¡Barco a la vista! = Ship ahoy!.

* comprender un punto de vista = take + point.

* desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).

* desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = in terms of, from the vantage of, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, mitotically, nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.

* desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.

* desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.

* desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.

* desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.

* desde el punto de vista de la conservación = preservationally.

* desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.

* desde el punto de vista de la estética = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].

* desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.

* desde el punto de vista de la informática = computationally.

* desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.

* desde el punto de vista de la medicina = medically.

* desde el punto de vista de la música = musically.

* desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.

* desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.

* desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.

* desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.

* desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.

* desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.

* desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.

* desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.

* desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.

* desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.

* desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.

* desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = in + Nombre + eyes.

* desde el punto de vista judicial = judicially.

* desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.

* desde el punto de vista político = politically.

* desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.

* desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.

* desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.

* desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.

* desde un punto de vista académico = academically.

* desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.

* desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, clinically.

* desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.

* desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.

* desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.

* desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.

* desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.

* desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.

* desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.

* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista médico = medically.

* desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.

* desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.

* desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.

* desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.

* desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.

* desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.

* desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.

* desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.

* fiel desde el punto de vista de la historia = historically accurate.

* manifestar un punto de vista = air + view.

* neutral desde el punto de vista de la raza = race-neutral.

* no concebirse desde ningún punto de vista = be impossible under any hypothesis.

* promover un punto de vista = promote + view.

* punto de vista = angle, point of view, side, stance, standpoint, view, viewpoint, outlook, eye, world view [worldview/world-view], bent of mind.

* sostener un punto de vista = assert + view, hold + point of view.

* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = contemplate + view.

* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = take into + account + viewpoint.

* ver Algo desde el punto de vista + Adjetivo = view + Nombre + through + Adjetivo + eyes.

vista³

³ = outlook, vista, sight, view.

Ex: This provides the user with a pleasant outlook and gives natural light.

Ex: From the library she could see miles and miles of unobstructed vistas of rich, coffee-brown, almost black soil, broken only by occasional small towns, farms, and grain elevators.

Ex: There was something inexpressibly poignant about the sight of the once powerful Roger Balzac sitting quiescently like a victim in a noose across the desk from him.

Ex: Just as long as she has a nice view from her kitchen window she doesn't care about the rest of the world.

* contemplar una vista = contemplate + view.

* ofrecer una vista = afford + a view.

* sin vistas = viewless.

* tener vistas a = overlook.

* ¡Tierra a la vista! = Land ahoy!, Land ho!.

* una vista digna de contemplar = a sight to behold.

* una vista digna de ver = a sight to behold.

* vista agradable = a sight for sore eyes.

* vista a la sierra = mountain view.

* vista a las montañas = mountain view.

* vista al mar = sea view.

* vista a ojo de pájaro = bird's eye view.

* vista a ras de suelo = worm's eye view.

* vista asombrosa = breathtaking view.

* vista impresionante = breathtaking view.

* vista panorámica = panorama, pan, sweeping view, grandstand view, panoramic view.

* vista sobrecogedora = breathtaking view.

vista⁴

⁴ = court hearing.

Ex: Both the newspapers and the unions want to cut their losses by concluding a deal in advance of a court hearing that is scheduled to decide on the original causes of the strike.

* vista judicial = hearing, court hearing.

* vista oral = oral hearing.

vista⁵

⁵ = view.

Nota: En cartografía, representación plana con efecto de relieve en la que las líneas de fuga concurren en un punto de vista central correspondiente al ojo del observador.

Ex: A view is a perspective representation of the landscape in which detail is shown as if projected on an oblique plane (e.g., a bird's eye view, panorama, panoramic drawing, worm's eye view).

* * *

vista¹

masculine and feminine

customs officer o official

vista²

feminine

A

1 (sentido) sight, eyesight

tengo buena vista I have good eyesight, my sight is good

ser corto de vista to be shortsighted

tener la vista cansada to have eyestrain

la enfermedad le afectó la vista the illness affected his eyesight o his sight o his vision

este paisaje tan bello es un regalo para la vista this beautiful scenery is a delight to behold

perdió la vista en un accidente he lost his sight in an accident

2 (ojos) eyes

la luz me hace daño a la vista the light hurts my eyes

lo han operado de la vista he's had an eye operation

se le nubló la vista her eyes clouded over

3 (perspicacia) vision

tiene mucha vista para los negocios he's very shrewd o he has great vision when it comes to business

B

1

(mirada): me contestó sin alzar or levantar la vista del libro she answered without looking up from the book o without raising her eyes from the book

no me quitó la vista de encima she didn't take her eyes off me

torcer la vista to be cross-eyed, to have a squint

bajó la vista he looked down

fijó la vista en el horizonte she fixed her eyes o her gaze on the horizon

dirigió la vista hacia nosotros he looked toward(s) us

2 (espectáculo) sight

se desmayó ante la vista del cadáver he fainted at the sight of the body

C ( en locs):

a la vista: ¡tierra a la vista! land ho!

ponlo bien a la vista put it where it can be seen easily

escóndelo, que no esté a la vista hide it somewhere out of sight

pagar al portador y a la vista pay the bearer at sight

cuenta corriente a la vista sight account

no lo hagas aquí a la vista de todos don't do it here where everyone can see o in full view of everyone

[ S ] fabricación a la vista del público workshop ( o factory etc) open for public viewing

[ S ] café molido a la vista ( RPl); coffee ground while you wait

¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?

a primera vista at first sight o glance

a primera vista no parecía grave at first sight o glance it didn't look serious

se notaba a simple vista que estaba enfermo you could tell he was ill just by looking at him

con vistas a with a view to

un acuerdo con vistas a las próximas elecciones a pact for the forthcoming elections

con vistas a que nos lo financien with a view to their o them providing finance

de vista by sight

los conozco sólo de vista I only know them by sight

en vista: ¿tienen a alguien en vista para el puesto? do you have anybody in mind for the job?

estamos buscando casa — ¿ya tienen algo en vista? we're househunting — have you seen anything interesting yet?

en vista de in view of

en vista de que no podía ganar in view of the fact that she couldn't win

en vista de que no llegaban, nos fuimos since they hadn't arrived, we left

en vista del éxito obtenido, mejor me callo la boca ( iró hum); considering the success of my last comment ( o joke etc), I think I'd better keep my mouth shut ( iro hum)

¡hasta la vista! see you!, so long! ( colloq), until we meet again ( frml)

a vista de pájaro: desde la torre vemos la ciudad a vista de pájaro from the tower we get a bird's-eye view of the city

a vista y paciencia de algn (Chi, Per fam); in front of sb

echarle la vista encima a algn ( fam); to see sb

hace tiempo que no le echo la vista encima I haven't seen him for some time

estar con or tener la vista puesta en algo/algn to have one's eye on sth/sb

tiene la vista puesta en una chica de la oficina he's got his eye on a girl in the office

hacer la vista gorda or ( Méx) de la vista gorda ( fam); to turn a blind eye, to pretend not to see

perder algo/a algn de vista to lose sight of sth/sb

vigílalo bien, no lo pierdas de vista keep a close eye on him, don't let him out of your sight

no debemos perder de vista nuestro objetivo primario we must not lose sight of our main objective

no pierdas de vista (el hecho de) que es un actor desconocido don't lose sight of o don't overlook the fact that he is an unknown actor

¡tengo unas ganas de perderlos de vista …! ( fam); I'll be glad to see the back of them! ( colloq)

cuando terminamos la carrera los perdí de vista I lost touch with them when we graduated

perderse de vista to disappear from view

saltar a la vista: lo primero que salta a la vista es el color que tiene the first thing that hits o strikes you is the color

¿cómo no te diste cuenta? si saltaba a la vista I can't see how you failed to notice, it stood out a mile o it was so obvious

salta a la vista que hicieron trampa it's obvious they cheated

tener vista de águila or lince to have eyes like a hawk

volver la vista atrás to look back

no vuelvas la vista atrás y piensa en el futuro don't look back, think of the future

D

1 (panorama) view

una vista preciosa de la bahía a beautiful view of the bay

la habitación tiene vista al mar the room overlooks the sea o has a sea view o looks out over the sea

vista aérea aerial view

2 (imagen) view

3 ( fam)

(aspecto): el plato tenía muy buena vista the dish looked delicious

unos muebles de mucha vista some very attractive furniture

E ( Der) hearing

la vista del juicio se celebrará el día 27 the hearing will take place on the 27th

Compuesto:

vista oral

hearing

F ( Com, Fin):

a 20 días vista within 20 days

G vistas fpl (en costura) facings (pl)

* * *

Del verbo vestir: ( conjugate vestir)

vista es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
vestir
vista
vestir ( conjugate vestir) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹niño/muñeca› to dress

b) ( proporcionar ropa a) to clothe (frml)

c) ( confeccionar ropa a) [ modisto] to dress

2 (liter o period) ( llevar puesto) to wear
verbo intransitivo
1 [ persona] to dress;
◊ vista bien to dress well;

vista de algo ‹de uniforme/azul›) to wear sth;
vista de etiqueta to wear formal dress
2 ( ser elegante):
◊ no sabe vista he has no dress sense;

de vista ‹traje/zapatos› smart
vestirse verbo pronominal ( refl)
a) ( ponerse ropa) to dress, get dressed;

◊ date prisa, vístete hurry up, get dressed

b) ( de cierta manera):

◊ se viste mal he dresses badly;

se viste a la última moda she wears the latest styles;
siempre se viste de verde she always wears green
c) ( disfrazarse) vistase de algo to dress up as sth

vista sustantivo femenino
1
a) ( sentido) sight, eyesight;

◊ tener buena vista to have good eyesight;

ser corto de vista to be near-sighted;
perdió la vista he lost his sight;
vista cansada eyestrain
b) ( ojos) eyes;

◊ le hace daño a la vista it hurts his eyes;

lo operaron de la vista he had an eye operation
2 ( mirada):
◊ alzar/bajar la vista to look up/down

3 ( en locs)
◊ a la vista: ponlo bien a la vista put it where it can be seen easily;

estar/no estar a la vista to be within/out of sight;
a la vista de todos in full view of everyone;
¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?;
a primera or a simple vista at first sight o glance;
con vistas a with a view to;
en vista de in view of;
en vista de que … in view of the fact that …;
¡hasta la vista! see you!, so long! (colloq);
perder algo/a algn de vista to lose sight of sth/sb;
perderse de vista to disappear from view
4 ( panorama) view;
◊ con vista al mar with a sea view;

vista aérea aerial view
5 (Der) hearing
vestir
I verbo transitivo
1 (poner la ropa a alguien) to dress
frml to clothe
2 (llevar puesto) to wear: vestía un traje gris, he was wearing a grey suit
II verbo intransitivo
1 (llevar) to dress
viste de rojo, she's wearing red
vestir bien, to dress well
(ser apropiado, elegante) to look smart
visto,-a
I adjetivo
1 (considerado socialmente) estar bien visto, to be considered correct o acceptable
estar mal visto, to be frowned upon/on
2 (común, poco original) estar muy visto, not to be very original: ese reloj está muy visto, everybody is wearing watches like that
3 fam (obvio) estar visto, to be obvious o clear
4 (al parecer) por lo visto, apparently
5 Jur visto para sentencia, ready for judgement
II sustantivo masculino visto bueno, approval
vista sustantivo femenino
1 (sentido, visión) sight: le conozco de vista, I know him by sight
ese edificio nos tapa la vista del río, the river is hidden from view by that building
tienes buena vista, you have good eyesight
corto de vista, shortsighted, US nearsighted
(los ojos) me hace daño a la vista, it hurts my eyes
2 (perspectiva, panorama) view
con vistas a la calle, overlooking the street
3 Jur hearing, trial
♦ Locuciones: familiar hacer la vista gorda, to turn a blind eye
perder de vista, to lose sight of: el tren se perdió de vista, the train disappeared from view
familiar ¡piérdete de mi vista!, get out of here!, get lost!
(recordar) volver/echar la vista atrás, to look back
a la vista, (dentro del campo visual) visible, within sight
(previsto) tienen un viaje a la vista, they have a trip in mind
a primera vista/a simple vista, (a la primera, directamente) at first sight o glance: amor a primera vista, love at first sight
detectó el error a simple vista, he found the mistake straight away
(con solo mirar) esa estrella no es visible a simple vista, that star isn't visible with the naked eye
(en principio, al parecer) on the face of it
con vistas a, with a view to
en vista de, in view of, considering
' vista' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- aguda
- agudo
- alcance
- ante
- apartar
- cantar
- converger
- corta
- corto
- dominar
- esforzar
- fijar
- fina
- fino
- golpe
- graduar
- graduarse
- herir
- lince
- novedosa
- novedoso
- nublarse
- punto
- recorrer
- respetable
- saltar
- sesgar
- versión
- visión
- volver
- aéreo
- agradable
- alcanzar
- amor
- ángulo
- cansar
- chiribita
- clavado
- clavar
- conocer
- descansar
- devolver
- engañar
- forzar
- levantar
- mirada
- mirar
- nublar
- ojo
English:
acute
- angle
- aspect
- avert
- away
- bird's-eye view
- blind
- blot out
- clear
- contention
- delightful
- dim
- eagle-eyed
- eye
- eye-level
- eyesight
- eyestrain
- face
- glance
- glorious
- gorgeous
- hearing
- hide
- in
- jump out
- look up
- naked
- note
- obstruct
- open out
- oscillate
- outlook
- overlook
- perspective
- point
- respect
- scene
- see
- seeing
- sense
- sharp
- sight
- sight-reading
- slant
- splendid
- standpoint
- stare
- strain
- strained
- surface

* * *

vista

♦ adj
ver visto
♦ nf

1. [sentido] (sense of) sight;
[visión] eyesight; [ojos] eyes;
tiene buena/mala vista, está bien/mal de la vista she has good/poor eyesight;

la luz me hace daño a la vista the light hurts my eyes;

se me nubló la vista my eyes clouded over;

perder la vista to lose one's sight, to go blind;

de vista: conocer a alguien de vista to know sb by sight;

¡hasta la vista! see you!;

a vista de pájaro: Cartagena a vista de pájaro a bird's-eye view of Cartagena;

Comp

hacer la vista gorda to turn a blind eye;

Comp

no perder de vista algo/a alguien [vigilar] not to let sth/sb out of one's sight;
[tener en cuenta] not to lose sight of sth/sb, not to forget about sth/sb;
Comp

perder de vista algo/a alguien [dejar de ver] to lose sight of sth/sb;

perder de vista a alguien [perder contacto] to lose touch with sb;

Comp

perderse de vista [en la distancia] to disappear (from sight);

Comp

salta a la vista [es evidente] it's blindingly o patently obvious;

salta a la vista que es novato he is very obviously a beginner;

salta a la vista su juventud [sorprende] one thing that strikes you is how young she is;

Comp

tener una vista de águila o [m5] de lince to have an eagle eye

Comp
vista cansada [por la edad] long-sightedness; [por el esfuerzo] eyestrain
2. [mirada] gaze;

dirigió la vista hacia la pantalla she turned her eyes o gaze to the screen;

alzar/apartar/bajar la vista to look up/away/down;

fijar la vista en to fix one's eyes on, to stare at;

a primera o [m5] simple vista [aparentemente] at first sight, on the face of it;

volver la vista atrás to look back

3. [observación] watching

4. [panorama] view;

una habitación con vistas a room with a view;

con vistas al mar with a sea view

Comp
vista aérea aerial view;
vista panorámica panoramic view

5. [perspicacia, discreción]
tiene vista para las antigüedades she has a good eye for antiques;

hay que tener más vista al decir las cosas you have to be more careful what you say

6. Der hearing

Comp
vista oral oral proceedings
7. Com & Fin
a la vista at sight;

a pagar a 30 días vista payable within 30 days

8. [plazo]
a dos meses vista de las elecciones [antes] two months before the elections;
[después] two months after the elections
♦ nm
[empleado de aduanas] customs officer [responsible for checking baggage]
♦ a la vista loc adj

1. [visible] visible;

está a la vista [muy cerca] it's staring you in the face;

¡barco/tierra a la vista! ship/land ahoy!;

no dejen objetos de valor a la vista dentro del autocar do not leave valuables lying around where they can be seen inside the coach

2. [en perspectiva]
no tengo planes a la vista I have no immediate plans;

tenemos varios proyectos a la vista there are a number of possible projects on the horizon

♦ a la vista de loc prep

1. [delante de] in full view of;

ocurrió a la vista de todos it happened in full view of everybody;

está a la vista de todos it's there for everybody to see

2. [en vista de] in view of;

a la vista de los resultados financieros… in view of the financial results…

♦ con vistas a loc prep
[con la intención de] with a view to;
se reunirán con vistas a negociar un nuevo convenio con la patronal they will meet with a view to negotiating a new agreeement with the employers;

el ahorro con vistas al futuro saving for the future

♦ en vista de loc prep

in view of, considering;

en vista de lo ocurrido… considering what has happened…;

en vista de que since, seeing as

* * *

vista

I f

1 (eye)sight;

vista cansada MED tired eyes;

tener buena/mala vista have good/bad eyesight;

hacer la vista gorda fig fam turn a blind eye;

tener vista para algo fig have a good eye for sth

2 JUR hearing

3

:

a la vista COM at sight, on demand

4 ( panorámica)

:

la ciudad a vista de pajaro a bird’s eye view of the city, the city seen from above;

vista aérea FOT aerial view

5 ( perspectiva)

:

con vistas a with a view to;

en vista de in view of

6

:

a simple vista with the naked eye;

a primera vista at first sight;

de vista by sight;

estar a la vista be in sight;

perder de vista lose sight of;

no perder de vista niño etc not take one’s eyes off;

a la vista de todos in full view of everyone;

poner la vista en alguien/algo look at s.o./sth; tener intención de conseguir algo set one’s sights on s.o./sth;

volver la vista atrás tb fig look back;

hasta la vista bye!, see you!

II m/f

:

vista (de aduanas) customs official o officer

* * *

vista nf

1) visión: vision, eyesight

2) mirada: look, gaze, glance

3) panorama: view, vista, panorama

4) : hearing (in court)

5)

a primera vista : at first sight

6)

en vista de : in view of

7)

hacer la vista gorda : to turn a blind eye

8)

¡hasta la vista! : so long!, see you!

9)

perder de vista : to lose sight of

10)

punto de vista : point of view

* * *

vista n

1. (visión) sight / eyesight

lleva gafas porque tiene mala vista he wears glasses because his eyesight is bad

2. (panorama) view

una habitación con vistas a room with a view

3. (habilidad) eye

tiene buena vista para los negocios he's got a good eye for business

a simple vista at first sight / at first glance

bajar la vista to look down

hacer la vista gorda to turn a blind eye

levantar la vista to look up

no quitar la vista not to take your eyes off

perder de vista to lose sight of

saltar a la vista to be obvious

Spanish-English dictionary > vista
12 angle

angle [ɑ̃gl]

1. masculine noun

   a. [de meuble, rue] corner

• à l'angle de ces deux rues on the corner of these two streets

• le magasin qui fait l'angle the shop on the corner

   b. (Mathematics) angle

   c. ( = aspect) angle

• voir qch sous un autre angle to see sth from another angle

2. compounds

► angle de champ angle of view

► angle mort blind spot

► angle de vue= angle de champ

* * *
ɑ̃gl
nom masculin

1) Mathématique angle

2) ( coin) corner

être à or faire l'angle de deux rues — to be at the corner of two streets

le bâtiment qui fait l'angle — the building on the corner

bibliothèque d'angle — corner bookcase

faire un angle — [rue] to bend

3) ( point de vue) angle

vu sous cet angle — viewed from this angle

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- angle droit

- angle mort

* * *
ɑ̃ɡl nm
1) (= coin) corner

à l'angle de la rue — at the corner of the street

2) (point de vue, perspective) angle

vu sous cet angle,... — seen from this point of view,...

3) MATHÉMATIQUE angle

angle droit — right angle

à angle droit [se couper] — at right angles

angle obtus — obtuse angle

angle aigu — acute angle

* * *

angle nm

1 Math angle; angle de 90° ninety-degree angle;

2 ( coin) corner; être à or faire l'angle de deux rues to be at the corner of two streets; le bâtiment qui fait l'angle the building on the corner; bibliothèque/cheminée d'angle corner bookcase/fireplace; faire un angle [rue] to bend;

3 ( point de vue) angle; prendre une photo sous le bon angle to take a photo from the right angle; vu sous cet angle viewed from this angle.

Composés

angle aigu Math acute angle; angle d'arrivée Mil angle of incidence; angle d'attaque Astronaut, Aviat angle of attack; Tech ( d'un outil) angle of clearance; angle de braquage Aut steering lock; angle de carrossage Aut camber angle; angle de champ Phot angle of field; angle de contingence Math angle of contingence; angle de déphasage Phys phase angle; angle droit Math right angle; faire un angle droit avec qch to make a right angle with sth; se couper à angle droit to intersect at right angles; angle d'éclairage Phot angle of reflection; angle de gîte Naut angle of list; angle de hausse ( au tir) angle of elevation, elevation firing angle; angle horaire Aviat, Phot angle of incidence; angle d'inclinaison Aviat bank angle; Phot angle of tilt; angle de montée Aviat angle of climb; angle mort Aut, Aviat blind spot; Mil dead angle; angle obtus Math obtuse angle; angle d'ouverture Phot, Phys aperture angle; angle plat Math straight angle; angle de prise de vue viewing angle; angle de réflexion Phot, Phys angle of reflection; angle de réfraction Phys angle of refraction; angle rentrant Math reentrant angle; angle de route Aviat track angle; angle saillant Math salient angle; angle solide Math solid angle; angle de tir Mil firing angle; angle visuel Phot visual angle; angles adjacents Math adjacent angles; angles alternes externes Math alternate exterior angles; angles complémentaires Math complementary angles; angles opposés par le sommet Math opposite angles; angles supplémentaires Math supplementary angles.

[ɑ̃gl] nom masculin

1. [coin - d'un meuble, d'une rue] corner

la maison qui est à ou qui fait l'angle the house on the corner

la statue est à l'angle de deux rues the statue stands at a crossroads

meuble d'angle corner unit

angle vif sharp angle

arrondir les angles to smooth things over

2. GÉOMÉTRIE angle

angle aigu/droit/obtus acute/right/obtuse angle

la rue fait un angle droit avec l'avenue the street is at right angles to the avenue

angle ouvert wide angle

angle plein 360-degree angle

3. [aspect] angle, point of view

je ne vois pas cela sous cet angle I don't see it quite in that light ou from that angle

vu sous l'angle économique/du rendement, cette décision se comprend from an economic/a productivity point of view, the decision makes sense

4. OPTIQUE angle

angle d'incidence/de réflexion/de réfraction angle of incidence/of reflection/of refraction

angle d'ouverture aperture angle, beam width

5. TECHNOLOGIE angle

————————

angle mort nom masculin

[en voiture] blind spot

————————

d'angle locution adjectivale

1. CONSTRUCTION quoin (modificateur), cornerstone (modificateur)

2. [table] corner (modificateur)

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > angle
13 Portuguese Communist Party

   / Partido Comunista Portugues

(PCP)

   The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.

   Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.

   In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.

   The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.

   The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.

   The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.

   On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.

   The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.

   One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.

   Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.

    See also Left Bloc.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party
14 κατά

κατά (Hom.+) prep. (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά beg., also LfgrE s.v. κατά 1346; with the gen. 74 times in NT; w. acc. 391 times in NT).

A. w. the gen.

① marker of extension or orientation in space or specific area

ⓐ of location that is relatively lower, down from someth. (Hom. et al.; LXX; Ath. 1, 4 κ. κόρρης προπηλακίζειν=to smack on one side of the head) ὁρμᾶν κ. τοῦ κρημνοῦ rush down (from) the bank (cp. Polyb. 38, 16, 7 κ. τῶν κρημνῶν ῥίπτειν; Jos., Bell. 1, 313) Mt 8:32; Mk 5:13; Lk 8:33. κ. κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have someth. on one’s head (lit. hanging down fr. the head, as a veil. Cp. Plut., Mor. 200f ἐβάδιζε κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχων τὸ ἱμάτιον.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 5 of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου) 1 Cor 11:4.

ⓑ of position relatively deep, into someth. (Od. 9, 330 κ. σπείους ‘into the depths of the cave’; Hdt. 7, 235; X., An. 7, 1, 30) ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία extreme (lit. ‘reaching down into the depths’; cp. Strabo 9, 3, 5 [419] ἄντρον κοῖλον κ. βάθους) or abysmal poverty 2 Cor 8:2. This may perh. be the mng. of πλήσσειν τινὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν strike someone deep into the eyes ApcPt 11:26 (cp. Demosth. 19, 197 ξαίνει κ. τοῦ νώτου; PPetr II, 18 [2b], 15 [246 B.C.] ἔτυπτεν αὐτὸν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου).—κ. γαστρός Just., D. 78, 3 for ἐν γαστρί Mt 1:18 (cp. Ath. 35, 2 τὸ κ. γαστρὸς ζῶον εἶναι).

ⓒ extension in various directions within an area, throughout (so in Luke’s writings; Polyb. 3, 19, 7 κ. τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν; PGiss 48, 8 κ. κυριακῆς γῆς; Jos., Ant. 8, 297; SibOr 3, 222; 4, 24; 5, 305) γνωστὸν γενέσθαι καθʼ ὅλης Ἰόππης become known throughout all Joppa Ac 9:42. καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας 9:31; 10:37; Lk 23:5. φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθʼ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 4:14.

② down upon, toward, against someone or someth, fig. ext. of 1.

ⓐ w. verbs of swearing, to denote what one swears by (Thu. 5, 47, 8; Lysias 32, 13; Isaeus 7, 28; Demosth. 21, 119; 29, 26; SIG 526, 4ff; 685, 25; UPZ 110, 39 [164 B.C.]; BGU 248, 13; Jdth 1:12; Is 45:23; 2 Ch 36:13) by ἐξορκίζειν (q.v.) Mt 26:63. ὀμνύναι (q.v.) Hb 6:13, 16. ὁρκίζειν (q.v.) Hs 9, 10, 5. Sim. ἐρωτᾶν κ. τινος request, entreat by someone Hv 3, 2, 3.

ⓑ in a hostile sense, against

α. after verbs that express hostile action, etc. διχάζειν Mt 10:35. ἐπαίρεσθαι 2 Cor 10:5. ἰσχύειν Ac 19:16. κακοῦν 14:2. στρατεύεσθαι 1 Pt 2:11. φυσιοῦσθαι 1 Cor 4:6

β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone Rv 2:4, 14, 20. φέρειν J 18:29. ἐγκαλεῖν Ro 8:33. ἐντυγχάνειν τινὶ κ. τινος 11:2 (TestJob 17:5). κατηγορεῖν Lk 23:14. ποιεῖν κρίσιν Jd 15a. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον the bond that stands against us Col 2:14. ἐμφανίζειν Ac 24:1; 25:2. αἰτεῖσθαί τι 25:3, 15. αἱ κ. τινος αἰτίαι vs. 27. εἰπεῖν πονηρόν Mt 5:11 (cp. Soph., Phil. 65 κακὰ λέγειν κ. τινος. X., Hell. 1, 5, 2; Isocr., C. Nic. 13; Plut., Mor. 2a λέγειν κ.; SIG 1180, 1 λέγειν κ. τινος; Just., A I, 23, 3; 49, 6 κ. τῶν … ὁμολογούντων). λαλεῖν ῥήματα Ac 6:13; cp. Jd 15b (TestDan 4:3; JosAs 23:15). μαρτυρεῖν κ. τ. θεοῦ give testimony in contradiction to God 1 Cor 15:15. ζητεῖν μαρτυρίαν κ. τινος testimony against someone Mk 14:55. ψευδομαρτυρεῖν 14:56f. ψευδομαρτυρία Mt 26:59. γογγύζειν 20:11. στενάζειν Js 5:9. διδάσκειν Ac 21:28. συμβούλιον διδόναι (ποιεῖν v.l.) Mk 3:6; ς. λαβεῖν Mt 27:1. ψεύδεσθαι Js 3:14 (Lysias 22, 7; X., Ap. 13; Ath. 35, 1 καθʼ ἡμῶν … κατεψεύσατο).

γ. after expressions that designate such a position or state of mind in a different way εἶναι κ. τινος be against someone (opp. ὑπέρ) Mk 9:40 (WNestle, ZNW 13, 1912, 84–87; AFridrichsen, ibid., 273–80); Ro 8:31; (opp. μετά) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23. δύνασθαί τι κ. τινος be able to do someth. against someone 2 Cor 13:8. ἔχειν τι κ. τινος have someth. against someone (in one’s heart) Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; Hs 9, 24, 2; cp. ibid. 23, 2, where the acc. is to be supplied. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. ἐπιθυμεῖν Gal 5:17. μερίζεσθαι καθʼ ἑαυτῆς Mt 12:25. Cp. 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18).—κατά prob. means against also in ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος Ac 27:14. ἐτελείωσαν κ. τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα they completed the full measure of sins against their own head GPt 5:17.

B. w. acc. (so in the NT 399 times [besides καθʼ εἷς and κατὰ εἷς])

① marker of spatial aspect

ⓐ of extension in space, along, over, through, in, upon (Hom. et al.; OGI 90, 7 ἐκ τῶν κ. τ. χώραν ἱερῶν; PHib 82, 19; PTebt 5, 188; LXX; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5) Ac 24:12. καθʼ ὅλην τ. πόλιν throughout the city Lk 8:39 (cp. Diod S 4, 10, 6 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν Ἐλλάδα). ἐγένετο λιμὸς κ. τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 15:14. κ. τὰς κώμας 9:6. κ. πόλεις καὶ κώμας 13:22 (Appian., Maced. 9 §1 and 4 κ. πόλεις; Just., A I, 67, 3 κ. πόλεις ἢ ἀγρούς).—κ. τόπους in place after place Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11 (Theophr., περὶ σημ. 1, 4 p. 389 W.; Cat. Cod. Astr. III 28, 11 ἐν μέρει τ. ἀνατολῆς κ. τόπους, VIII/3, 186, 1 λιμὸς καὶ λοιμὸς καὶ σφαγαὶ κ. τόπους). οἱ ὄντες κ. τὴν Ἰουδαίαν those throughout Judea or living in Judea Ac 11:1. διασπαρῆναι κ. τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας be scattered over the regions of Judea 8:1. κ. τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν in the congregation there 13:1. τοῖς κ. τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς 15:23. τοὺς κ. τὰ ἔθνη Ἰουδαίους the Judeans (dispersed) throughout the nations 21:21. τοῖς κ. τὸν νόμον γεγραμμένοις throughout the law = in the law 24:14b. κ. τὴν ὁδόν along or on the way (Lucian, Catapl. 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 404) Lk 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. τὸ κ. Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν πέλαγος the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia 27:5; but the geographical designation τὰ μέρη τ. Λιβύης τῆς κ. Κυρήνην 2:10 prob. belongs to b: the parts of Libya toward Cyrene.

ⓑ of extension toward, toward, to, up to ἐλθεῖν (γίνεσθαι v.l.) κ. τὸν τόπον come up to the place (Jos., Vi. 283) Lk 10:32. ἐλθόντες κ. τὴν Μυσίαν to Mysia Ac 16:7; cp. 27:7. πορεύεσθαι κ. μεσημβρίαν (s. μεσημβρία 2) toward the south 8:26 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 505). κ. σκοπὸν διώκειν run (over the course) toward the goal Phil 3:14. λιμὴν βλέπων κ. λίβα καὶ κ. χῶρον a harbor open to the southwest and northwest Ac 27:12 (s. βλέπω 8).—κ. πρόσωπον to the face (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 205) Gal 2:11. ἔχειν τινὰ κ. πρόσωπον meet someone face to face (Thieme 19 has reff. for the use of κατὰ πρόσωπον as a legal formula) Ac 25:16. κ. πρόσωπον ταπεινός humble when personally present 2 Cor 10:1. κ. πρόσωπόν τινος in the presence of someone Lk 2:31; Ac 3:13. τὰ κ. πρόσωπον what lies before one’s eyes, i.e. is obvious 2 Cor 10:7. κ. ὀφθαλμοὺς προγράφειν portray before one’s eyes Gal 3:1.

ⓒ of isolation or separateness, by (Thu. 1, 138, 6 οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς Ἕλληνες ‘the Greeks by themselves’; Polyb. 1, 24, 4; 5, 78, 3; 11, 17, 6; Diod S 13, 72, 8; Gen 30:40; 43:32; 2 Macc 13:13; Philo, Migr. Abr. 87; 90; Just., D. 4, 5 αὐτὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν γενομένη; Tat. 13, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν; Ath. 15, 2 ὁ πηλὸς καθʼ ἑαυτόν) ἔχειν τι καθʼ ἑαυτόν keep someth. to oneself Ro 14:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 255; Heliod. 7, 16, 1). καθʼ ἑαυτὸν μένειν live by oneself of the private dwelling of Paul in Rome Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρὰ καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 3, 43 τὸ σῶμα καθʼ αὑτὸ νεκρόν ἐστιν). ἡ κατʼ οἶκον ἐκκλησία the congregation in the house Ro 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19. κατʼ ἰδίαν s. ἴδιος 5. κ. μόνας (Thu. 1, 32, 5; Menand., Epitr. 988 S. [658 Kö.], Fgm. 146 Kö. [158 Kock]; Polyb. 4, 15, 11; Diod S 4, 51, 16; BGU 813, 15 [s. APF 2, 1903, 97]; LXX) alone, by oneself Mk 4:10; Lk 9:18; Hm 11:8 (here, as well as BGU loc. cit. and LXX, written as one word καταμόνας).

ⓓ of places viewed serially, distributive use w. acc., x by x (Arrian., Anab. 4, 21, 10 κ. σκηνήν=tent by tent) or from x to x: κατʼ οἶκον from house to house (PLond III, 904, 20 p. 125 [104 A.D.] ἡ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή) Ac 2:46b; 5:42 (both in ref. to various house assemblies or congregations; w. less probability NRSV ‘at home’); cp. 20:20. Likew. the pl. κ. τοὺς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος 8:3. κ. τὰς συναγωγάς 22:19. κ. πόλιν (Jos., Ant. 6, 73) from city to city IRo 9:3, but in every (single) city Ac 15:21; 20:23; Tit 1:5. Also κ. πόλιν πᾶσαν (cp. Herodian 1, 14, 9) Ac 15:36; κ. πᾶσαν πόλιν 20:23 D. κ. πόλιν καὶ κώμην Lk 8:1; cp. vs. 4.

② marker of temporal aspect (Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, apolog.)

ⓐ in definite indications of time: at, on, during (Hdt. 8, 17; Polemon Soph. B 43 Reader κατʼ ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ‘in the course of that day’) κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beginning (cp. ἀρχή 1b) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26). κ. τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ in the day of trial 3:8 (Ps 94:8.—Cp. Antig. Car. 173 κ. τὸν σπόρου καιρόν). νεκροῦ … ἀνάστασιν κατʼ αὐτὸν γεγονυῖαν ἱστορεῖ (Papias) reports that a resurrection from the dead occurred in his time Papias (2, 9; so, with personal names, Hdt.; Just., D. 23, 1 τοῦ θεοῦ … τοῦ κ. τὸν Ἐνώχ; Tat. 31, 2 Θεαγένης … κ. Καμβύσην γεγονώς). Of the future: κ. τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον at that time, then Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10). Of the past: κ. ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time, then (2 Macc 3:5; TestJos 12:1; Jos., Ant. 8, 266; cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ Konon: 26 Fgm. 3 p. 191, 25 Jac.; Just., A I, 17, 2; 26, 3 al.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. κ. καιρόν at that time, then Ro 5:6 (Just., D. 132, 1; cp. OGI 90, 28 καθʼ ὸ̔ν καιρόν), unless καιρός here means the right time (s. καιρός 1b end). κατʼ ὄναρ (as καθʼ ὕπνον Gen 20:6; Just., D 60, 5 κ. τοὺς ὕπνους) during a dream, in a dream Mt 1:20; 2:12 (s. s.v. ὄναρ for ins).

ⓑ with indefinite indications of time: toward, about κ. τὸ μεσονύκτιον about midnight Ac 16:25; cp. 27:27.—8:26 (s. μεσημβρία 1).

ⓒ distributively (cp. 1d): x period by x period: κατʼ ἔτος every year (s. ἔτος) Lk 2:41. Also κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν (s. ἐνιαυτός 1) Hb 9:25; 10:1, 3. καθʼ ἡμέραν daily, every day (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49; Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l. ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἐπίστασις) 2 Cor 11:28. κ. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν every day (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:7. Also καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Hb 3:13. κ. μίαν σαββάτου on the first day of every week 1 Cor 16:2. κ. πᾶν σάββατον every Sabbath Ac 13:27; 15:21b; 18:4. κ. μῆνα ἕκαστον each month Rv 22:2 (κ. μῆνα as SIG 153, 65; POxy 275, 18; 2 Macc 6:7). κ. ἑορτήν at each festival Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6.

③ marker of division of a greater whole into individual parts, at a time, in detail, distributive use apart from indications of place (s. above 1d) and time (s. 2c)

ⓐ w. numerals: κ. δύο ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον τρεῖς two or, at the most, three at a time (i.e. in any one meeting, cp. ἀνὰ μέρος) 1 Cor 14:27 (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 42 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς; Jos., Ant. 3, 142 κ. ἕξ; 5, 172 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς). καθʼ ἕνα (on this and the foll. s. εἷς 5e) singly, one after the other vs. 31. κ. ἕνα λίθον each individual stone Hs 9, 3, 5; καθʼ ἕνα λίθον 9, 6, 3. κ. ἓν ἕκαστον one by one, in detail Ac 21:19; 1 Cl 32:1 (Ath. 28, 4 καθʼ ἕκαστον). εἷς καθʼ εἷς Mk 14:19; J 8:9; cp. Ro 12:5 (B-D-F §305; Rob. 460). κ. ἑκατὸν καὶ κ. πεντήκοντα in hundreds and in fifties Mk 6:40.

ⓑ περί τινος λέγειν κ. μέρος speak of someth. in detail Hb 9:5 (s. μέρος 1c). κατʼ ὄνομα (each one) by name (ἀσπάζομαι … τοὺς ἐνοίκους πάντες κα[τʼ] ὄνομα PTebt [III A.D.] 422, 11–16; Jos., Vi. 86) J 10:3; 3J 15 (cp. BGU 27, 18); ISm 13:2.

④ marker of intention or goal, for the purpose of, for, to (Thu. 6, 31, 1 κ. θέαν ἥκειν=to look at something; cp. Sb 7263, 6 [254 B.C.]; X., An. 3, 5, 2 καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι; Arrian, Anab. 1, 17, 12; 4, 5, 1; 21, 9; 6, 17, 6; 26, 2; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 2, 29; Anton. Lib., Fab. 24, 1 Δημήτηρ ἐπῄει γῆν ἅπασαν κ. ζήτησιν τῆς θυγατρός; 38; Jdth 11:19) κ. τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων for the Jewish ceremonial purification J 2:6. κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω to my shame 2 Cor 11:21 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 268 κ. τιμὴν τ. θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν). ἀπόστολος … κ. πίστιν … καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν an apostle … for the faith … and the knowledge Tit 1:1 (but the mng. ‘in accordance with’ is also prob.).

⑤ marker of norm of similarity or homogeneity, according to, in accordance with, in conformity with, according to

ⓐ to introduce the norm which governs someth.

α. the norm of the law, etc. (OGI 56, 33; Mitt-Wilck., I/2, 352, 11 κ. τὰ κελευσθέντα [as Just., D. 78, 7]; POxy 37 II, 8) κ. τὸν νόμον (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51; Just., D. 10, 1 al.; Ath. 31, 1; κ. τοὺς νόμους Ἀρεοπαγείτης, letter of MAurelius: ZPE 8, ’71, 169, ln. 27) Lk 2:22; J 18:31; 19:7; Hb 7:5. τὰ κ. τ. νόμον what is to be done according to the law Lk 2:39 (cp. EpArist 32). κ. τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance w. what has been determined 22:22. Cp. 1:9; 2:24, 27, 42; Ac 17:2; 22:3. κ. τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου Ro 2:16; 16:25a; 2 Ti 2:8. κ. τὸ εἰρημένον Ro 4:18 (cp. Ath. 28, 1 κ. τὰ προειρημένα). κ. τὰς γραφάς (Just., D. 82, 4; cp. Paus. 6, 21, 10 κ. τὰ ἔπη=according to the epic poems; Just., A I, 32, 14 κ. τὸ λόγιον, D. 67, 1 κ. τὴν προφητείαν ταύτην) 1 Cor 15:3; cp. Js 2:8. κ. τὴν παράδοσιν Mk 7:5 (Tat. 39, 1 κ. τὴν Ἑλλήνων παράδοσιν).—κ. λόγον as one wishes (exx. in Dssm., B 209 [not in BS]; also PEleph 13, 1; 3 Macc 3:14) Ac 18:14 (though 5bβ below is also prob.).—It can also stand simply w. the acc. of the pers. according to whose will, pleasure, or manner someth. occurs κ. θεόν (cp. Socrat., Ep. 14, 5 κ. θεόν; 26, 2; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 1 Jac. and Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 84 §352 κ. δαίμονα; Jos., Ant. 4, 143 ὁ κ. τοῦτον[=θεόν] βίος; Just., D. 5, 1 κ. τινας … Πλατωνικούς; Tat. 1, 3 κ. … τὸν κωμικόν) Ro 8:27; 2 Cor 7:9–11; κ. Χριστὸν Ἰ. Ro 15:5. κ. κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. Cp. 1 Pt 1:15. κ. τ. Ἕλληνας in the manner of the Greeks, i.e. polytheists PtK 2, p. 14, 1; 7. κ. Ἰουδαίους ln. 25.

β. the norm according to which a judgment is rendered, or rewards or punishments are given ἀποδοῦναι τινι κ. τ. πρᾶξιν or ἔργα αὐτοῦ (Ps 61:13; Pr 24:12; Just., A I, 12, 1; 17, 4 al.; κατʼ ἀξίαν τῶν πράξεων) Mt 16:27; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 4:14; Rv 2:23. μισθὸν λήμψεται κ. τ. ἴδιον κόπον 1 Cor 3:8. κρίνειν κ. τι J 7:24; 8:15; 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Ro 2:2.

γ. of a standard of any other kind κ. τ. χρόνον ὸ̔ν ἠκρίβωσεν in accordance w. the time which he had ascertained Mt 2:16. κ. τ. πίστιν ὑμῶν acc. to your faith 9:29. κ. τ. δύναμιν acc. to his capability 25:15 (Just., D. 139, 4; Tat. 12, 3; cp. Just., A II, 13, 6 κ. δύναμιν). Cp. Lk 1:38; 2:29; Ro 8:4; 10:2; Eph 4:7. ἀνὴρ κ. τ. καρδίαν μου Ac 13:22 (καρδία 1bε).

δ. Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged: οἱ κ. πρόθεσιν κλητοί Ro 8:28. κατʼ ἐπιταγὴν θεοῦ 16:26; 1 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Eph 3:3 (Just., D. 78, 2). οἱ καθʼ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ Ro 2:7. κατʼ ἐκλογήν 11:5 (Just., D. 49, 1). Cp. κ. τὴν βουλήν Eph 1:11 (Just., A I, 63, 16 al.); 2 Th 2:9; Hb 7:16. κ. τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what shall I know this? (cp. Gen 15:8) Lk 1:18.—Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 219 D.: κ. τοὺς νόμους; Jos., Ant. 1, 259; 278; Just., A I, 54, 1 κατʼ ἐνέργειαν τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων; Ath. 7, 1 κ. συμπάθειαν τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνοῆς; 32, 1 κ. χρησμόν). κ. πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any and every reason (αἰτία 1) Mt 19:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2. Cp. Ro 2:5; 1 Cor 12:8 (κ. τ. πνεῦμα = διὰ τοῦ πν.); Eph 1:5; 4:22b; Phil 4:11; 1 Ti 5:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; κ. ἀνάγκην Phlm 14 (Ar. 1, 2; 4, 2 al.; Just., A I, 30, 1; 61, 10; Ath. 24, 2); IPol 1:3. ὁ κ. τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 Pt 1:3.—καθʼ ὅσον (Thu. 4, 18, 4) in so far as, inasmuch as Hb 3:3. καθʼ ὅσον …, κ. τοσοῦτο in so far as …, just so far (Lysias 31, 8; Galen, De Dignosc. Puls. 3, 2, VIII 892 K.) 7:20, 22.

ⓑ as a periphrasis to express equality, similarity, or example in accordance with, just as, similar(ly) to (TestJob 32:6 τίς γὰρ κ. σε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου; Tat. 25, 1 κ. … τὸν Πρωτέα like Proteus; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 50: sheep are not burden-bearers κ. τοὺς ὄνους=as donkeys are).

α. κ. τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε do not do as they do Mt 23:3. κ. Ἰσαάκ just as Isaac Gal 4:28. κ. θεὸν κτισθείς Eph 4:24 (Synes., Prov. 2, 2 p. 118c κ. θεόν=just as a god). Cp. Col 3:10. κ. τὸν τύπον Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; Mel., P. 58, 424 [νόμον v.l.]). Cp. 5:6 (Ps 109:4); 8:9 (Jer 38: 32); Js 3:9.—κ. τὰ αὐτά in (just) the same way (OGI 56, 66; PEleph 2, 6; 1 Macc 8:27; 12:2; Just., D. 1, 2; 3, 5; 113, 3) Lk 6:23, 26; 17:30; Dg 3:1. On the other hand, the sing. κ. τὸ αὐτό Ac 14:1 means together (marriage contract PEleph 1, 5 [IV B.C.] εἶναι ἡμᾶς κ. ταὐτό; 1 Km 11:11). καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον just as (2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 14:17) Ac 15:11; 27:25. καθʼ ὅσον …, οὕτως (just) as …, so Hb 9:27. κ. πάντα τρόπον in every way (PSI 520, 16 [250 B.C.]; PCairZen 631, 2; 3 Macc 3:24) Ro 3:2. κ. μηδένα τρόπον (PMagd 14, 9 [221 B.C.]; PRein 7, 31; 3 Macc 4:13; 4 Macc 4:24; Just., D. 35, 7; s. Reader, Polemo 262) 2 Th 2:3. Cp. Johannessohn, Kasus, 1910, 82. κατά w. acc. serves in general

β. to indicate the nature, kind, peculiarity or characteristics of a thing (freq. as a periphrasis for the adv.; e.g. Antiochus of Syracuse [V B.C.]: 555 Fgm. 12 Jac. κ. μῖσος=out of hate, filled with hate) κατʼ ἐξουσίαν with authority or power Mk 1:27. κ. συγκυρίαν by chance Lk 10:31. κ. ἄγνοιαν without knowing Ac 3:17 (s. ἄγνοια 2a). κ. ἄνθρωπον 1 Cor 3:3 al. (s. Straub 15; Aeschyl., Th. 425; ἄνθρωπος 2b). κ. κράτος powerfully, Ac 19:20 (κράτος 1a). κ. λόγον reasonably, rightly (Pla.; Polyb. 1, 62, 4; 5; 5, 110, 10; Jos., Ant. 13, 195; PYale 42, 24 [12 Jan., 229 B.C.]) 18:14 (but s. above 5aα). λέγειν τι κ. συγγνώμην οὐ κατʼ ἐπιταγήν say someth. as a concession, not as a command 1 Cor 7:6; cp. 2 Cor 8:8. κ. τάξιν in (an) order(ly manner) 1 Cor 14:40 (τάξις 2). κατʼ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν with eye-service Eph 6:6. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν μηδὲ κ. κενοδοξίαν Phil 2:3. κ. ζῆλος zealously 3:6a, unless this pass. belongs under 6 below, in its entirety. κ. σάρκα on the physical plane Ro 8:12f; 2 Cor 1:17; also 5:16ab, if here κ. ς. belongs w. οἴδαμεν or ἐγνώκαμεν (as Bachmann, JWeiss, H-D Wendland, Sickenberger take it; s. 7a below). καθʼ ὑπερβολήν (PTebt 42, 5f [c. 114 B.C.] ἠδικημένος καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὸ, Ἁρμιύσιος; 4 Macc 3:18) beyond measure, beyond comparison Ro 7:13; 1 Cor 12:31; 2 Cor 4:17. καθʼ ὁμοιότητα (Aristot.; Gen 1:12; Philo, Fug. 51; Tat. 12, 4 κ. τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῇ) in a similar manner Hb 4:15b. κ. μικρόν in brief B 1:5 (μικρός 1eγ).

⑥ denoting relationship to someth., with respect to, in relation to κ. σάρκα w. respect to the flesh, physically of human descent Ro 1:3; 4:1; 9:3, 5 (Ar. 15, 7 κ. σάρκα … κ. ψυχήν; Just., D. 43, 7 ἐν τῷ γένει τῷ κ. σάρκα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ al.). κ. τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον 7:22 (cp. POxy 904, 6 πληγαῖς κατακοπτόμενον κ. τὸ σῶμα). Cp. Ro 1:4; 11:28; Phil 3:5, 6b (for vs. 6a s. 5bβ above); Hb 9:9b. τὰ κ. τινα (Hdt. 7, 148; Diod S 1, 10, 73; Aelian, VH 2, 20; PEleph 13, 3; POxy 120, 14; Tob 10:9; 1 Esdr 9:17; 2 Macc 3:40; 9:3 al.) someone’s case, circumstances Ac 24:22 (cp. PEleph 13, 3 τὰ κ. σε; Just., A I, 61, 13 τὰ κ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν πάντα, D. 102, 2 τὰ κ. αὐτόν; Ath. 24, 4 τὸ κ. τοὺς ἀγγέλους); 25:14; Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. κ. πάντα in all respects (since Thu. 4, 81, 3; Sb 4324, 3; 5761, 22; SIG 834, 7; Gen 24:1; Wsd 19:22; 2 Macc 1:17; 3 Macc 5:42; JosAs 1:7; Just., A II, 4, 4, D. 35, 8 al.); Ac 17:22; Col 3:20, 22a; Hb 2:17 (Artem. 1, 13 αὐτῷ ὅμοιον κ. π.); 4:15a.

⑦ Somet. the κατά phrase, which would sound cumbersome in the rendering ‘such-and-such’, ‘in line with’, or ‘in accordance with’, is best rendered as an adj., a possessive pron., or with a genitival construction to express the perspective from which something is perceived or to be understood. In translation it thus functions as

ⓐ an adj. (Synes., Kingdom 4 p. 4d τὰ κατʼ ἀρετὴν ἔργα i.e. the deeds that are commensurate with that which is exceptional = virtuous deeds; PHib 27, 42 ταῖς κ. σελήνην ἡμέραις; 4 Macc 5:18 κ. ἀλήθειαν=ἀληθής; Just., A I, 2, 1 τοὺς κ. ἀλήθειαν εὐσεβεῖς; Tat. 26, 2 τῆς κ. ἀλήθειαν σοφίας) οἱ κ. φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21. ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλία 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Tit 1:1b. οἱ κ. σάρκα κύριοι the earthly masters (in wordplay, anticipating the κύριος who is in the heavens, vs. 9) Eph 6:5. Cp. 2 Cor 5:16b, in case (s. 5bβ above) κ. ς. belongs w. Χριστόν (as the majority, incl. Ltzm., take it): a physical Christ, a Christ in the flesh, in his earthly relationships (σάρξ 5). Correspondingly in vs. 16a κ. ς. would be taken w. οὐδένα: no one simply as a physical being.—JMartyn, JKnox Festschr., ’67, 269–87.

ⓑ a possessive pron., but with limiting force (Demosth. 2, 27 τὰ καθʼ ὑμᾶς ἐλλείμματα [i.e. in contrast to the activities of others: ‘your own’]; Aelian, VH 2, 42 ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀρετή; 3, 36; OGI 168, 17 παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ὑμᾶς τόπους; SIG 646, 6; 807, 15 al.; UPZ 20, 9 [II B.C.] ἐπὶ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίας; PTebt 24, 64; 2 Macc 4:21; Tat. 42, 1 τίς ὁ θεὸς καὶ τίς ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ποίησις; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7 ἡ καθʼ ἡμᾶς φιλοσοφία) τῶν καθʼ ὑμᾶς ποιητῶν τινες some of your (own) poets Ac 17:28. ἡ καθʼ ὑμᾶς πίστις Eph 1:15. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς νόμος Ac 18:15. τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον my eagerness Ro 1:15.

ⓒ a gen. w. a noun (Polyb. 3, 113, 1 ἡ κ. τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή; 2, 48, 2; 3, 8, 1 al.; Diod S 14, 12 ἡ κ. τὸν τύραννον ὠμότης; Dionys. Hal. 2, 1; SIG 873, 5 τῆς κ. τ. μυστήρια τελετῆς; 569, 22; 783, 20; PTebt 5, 25; PLond III, 1164k, 20 p. 167 [212 A.D.] ὑπὸ τοῦ κ. πατέρα μου ἀνεψιοῦ) τὰ κ. Ἰουδαίους ἔθη the customs of the Judeans Ac 26:3 (Tat. 12, 5 τῇ κ. Βαβυλωνίους προγνωστικῇ; 34, 2 ἡ κ. τὸν Ἀριστόδημον πλαστική). Cp. 27:2. ἡ κ. πίστιν δικαιοσύνη the righteousness of faith Hb 11:7. ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις purpose of election Ro 9:11.—Here also belong the titles of the gospels εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαῖον etc., where κατά is likew. periphrasis for a gen. (cp. JLydus, De Mag. 3, 46 p. 136, 10 Wünsch τῆς κ. Λουκανὸν συγγραφῆς; Herodian 2, 9, 4 of an autobiography ἐν τῷ καθʼ αὑτὸν βίῳ; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 18 τ. καθʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίαν; 2 Macc 2:13. Cp. B-D-F §163; 224, 2; Zahn, Einleitung §49; BBacon, Why ‘According to Mt’? Exp., 8th ser., 16, 1920, 289–310).—On the periphrasis of the gen. by κατά s. Rudberg (ἀνά beg.) w. many exx. fr. Pla. on. But it occurs as early as Thu. 6, 16, 5 ἐν τῷ κατʼ αὐτοὺς βίῳ.—M-M. DELG. EDNT. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατά
15 Mindfulness

   1) The Qualities of a Mindful State of Being

   he key qualities of a mindful state of being [are]: (1) creation of new categories; (2) openness to new information; and (3) awareness of more than one perspective. (E. J. Langer, 1989, p. 62)

   2) Most Situations Can Become Subject to Control If Viewed Mindfully

   Even the most apparently fixed and certain situations can become subject to control if viewed mindfully. The Birdman of Alcatraz was sentenced to life in prison with no hope of reprieve. All the world was cut off from him; one empty, grim day followed the next, as he stared at the ﬂocks of birds ﬂying outside his window. One morning, a crippled sparrow happened into his cell, and he nursed it back to health. The bird was no longer just a bird; for him it was a particular sparrow. Other prisoners, guards, visitors started giving him birds and he learned more and more about them. Soon he had a veritable aviary in his cell. He became a distinguished authority on bird diseases, noticing more and more about these creatures and developing more and more expertise. Everything he did was self-taught and original.

   Instead of living a dull, stale existence in a cell for forty-odd years, the Birdman of Alcatraz found that boredom can be just another construct of the mind, no more certain than freedom. There is always something new to notice. And he turned what might have been an absolute hell into, at the least, a fascinating, mindful purgatory. (E. J. Langer, 1989, p. 74)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mindfulness
16 стоимость капитала

cost of capital

Существуют два подхода к определению стоимости капитала. Один подход рассматривает стоимость капитала как взвешенное среднее различных видов собственного и привлеченного капитала фирмы в предположении, что для фирмы не существует оптимальной структуры капитала. Другой подход предполагает, что стоимость капитала равна ожидаемой норме прибыли от инвестиций для фирм с одинаковой степенью риска. Здесь предполагается отсутствие оптимальной структуры для фирмы. Однако с точки зрения бухгалтера стоимость каптала обычно рассматривается как затраты на выплату процентов (или на вложенный капитал) наличными, зафиксированные в счете прибылей и убытков. — There are two approaches to defining the cost of capital. One approach views the cost of capital as the weighted average of the various kinds of equity and debt capital of the firm with an implication that there is an optimal capital structure for a firm. The other approach suggests that the cost of capital is equal to the expected rate of return on investment for firms subject to the same degree of risk. Here an implication is that there is no optimal capital structure for a firm. From an account's perspective, however, the cost of capital is conventionally viewed as the out-of-pocket interest expense recorded in the profit and loss account.

Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > стоимость капитала
17 ver

v.

1 to perceive.

Veo a tu hermana muy cansado I see your sister very tired.

2 to have eyesight.

Mis ojos ven bien My eyes see fine.

3 to understand.

4 to be witness of, to witness.

5 to see, to look at, sight, to view.

¿ves algo? can you see anything?

he estado viendo tu trabajo I've been looking at your work

ya veo que estás de mal humor I can see you're in a bad mood

¿ves lo que quiero decir? do you see what I mean?

ir a ver lo que pasa to go and see what's going on

es una manera de ver las cosas that's one way of looking at it

yo no lo veo tan mal I don't think it's that bad

Ellos ven los cuadros They see the pictures.

Ellas ven los cuadros They see the pictures.

María ve la gravedad del asunto Mary sees the seriousness of the situation.

Mis ojos ven bien My eyes see fine.

Veo a tu hermano muy cansado I see your brother very tired.

* * *

VER

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven.

Past Indicative

vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron.

Imperfect Subjunctive

viera, vieras, viera, viéramos, vierais, vieran;

viese, vieses, viese, viésemos, vieseis, viesen.

Future Subjunctive

viere, vieres, viere, viéremos, viereis, vieren.

Imperative

ve (tú), vea (él/Vd.), veamos (nos.), ved (vos.), vean (ellos/Vds.).

Past Participle

visto,-a.

* * *

verb

1) to see

2) understand

3) examine

4) visit

5) witness

* * *
Para las expresiones ver visiones, no ver tres en un burro, ver el sustantivo.
1. VERBO TRANSITIVO

1) (=percibir)

a) [+ persona, objeto] to see

te vi en el parque — I saw you in the park

desde aquí lo verás mejor — you can see it better from here

lo he visto con mis propios ojos — I saw it with my own eyes

me acuerdo como si lo estuviera viendo — I remember it as if I were seeing it now, I remember it as if it were yesterday

—

¡hubieran visto qué casa! — (Méx) you should have seen the house!

• dejarse ver, este año Pedro no se ha dejado ver por aquí — we haven't seen much of Pedro this year

- no veo ni jota

si te he visto no me acuerdo —

le pedí que me ayudara, pero si te he visto no me acuerdo — I asked him to help me but he (just) didn't want to know

ver algn/algo venir —

-¿que ha dimitido? -eso ya lo veía venir — "he's resigned?" - "well, you could see it coming"

ya te veo venir, ¿a que quieres que te preste el coche? — I know what you're after, you want to borrow the car, don't you?

b) [+ gerund]

los vi paseando por el parque — I saw them walking in the park

c) [+ infin]

la vi bajar la escalera — I saw her come downstairs

eso lo he visto hacer aquí muchas veces — I have often seen that done here

d) [+ adj]

te veo muy triste — you look very sad

esta casa la veo pequeña para tanta gente — I think this house is too small for so many people

2) (=mirar) [+ televisión, programa, partido] to watch

anoche vi una película en la tele — I saw o watched a film on TV last night

• es (digno) de ver — it's worth seeing

no poder (ni) ver a algn —

no lo puedo (ni) ver — I can't stand him

3) (en saludos)

¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!

¡hasta más ver! — see you again!

4) (=visitar) to see

ayer fui a ver a tu hermano — I went to see your brother yesterday

tendré que ir a ver al abogado — I shall have to go to o and see my solicitor

el médico todavía no la ha visto — the doctor hasn't seen her yet

5) (=imaginar) to see, imagine

lo estoy viendo de almirante — I can just see o imagine him as an admiral

6) (=vivir) to live through

yo he visto dos guerras mundiales — I have lived through two world wars

y usted que lo vea, y tú que lo veas —

-¡a celebrarlo con salud el año próximo! - ¡y usted que lo vea! — "many happy returns!" - "thank you!"

7) (=examinar) to look at

este tema lo veremos en la próxima clase — we'll be looking at this subject in the next lesson

8) (=comprobar) to see

•¡verás como al final te caerás! — you'll fall, you just wait and see!

ya verás como al final tengo que hacerlo yo — I'll end up doing it myself, you'll see

• habrá que ver, habrá que ver lo que les habrá contado — we'll have to see what he's told them

• voy a ver si está en su despacho — I'll see if he's in his office

9) (=notar) to see

no veo la diferencia entre uno y otro — I can't see the difference between them

ya veo que tendré que hacerlo yo solo — I can see I'll have to do it myself

-¿ves que no son iguales? -pues, no lo veo — "can't you see they're not the same?" - "no, I can't"

-gana más de cien mil al mes -¡ya ves! — "she earns more than 100,000 a month" - "well, there you go!"

• dejarse ver, los efectos de la crisis se dejaron ver meses después — the effects of the crisis were felt months later

la preocupación se dejaba ver en su cara — the worry showed in his face

• echar de ver algo — to notice sth

• por lo que veo — from what I can see

10) (=entender) to see

ahora veo la importancia del problema — I see how serious the problem is now

¿no ves que...? — don't o can't you see that...?

no veo muy claro para qué lo quiere — I can't really see what he wants it for

• hacer ver algo a algn — to point sth out to sb

11) (=encontrar) to see

no veo nada en contra de eso — I see nothing against it

no le veo solución al conflicto — I can't see a solution to the conflict

yo este tema no lo veo así — I don't see this issue that way

12) (Jur) [+ pleito] to hear, try

el proceso se verá en mayo — the case will be heard in May

13) tener que ver

-es demasiado pequeño -¿y eso qué tiene que ver? — "it's too small" - "what's that got to do with it?"

esto tiene que ver con lo que estudiamos ayer — this has to do with what we were looking at yesterday

yo no tuve nada que ver en la venta del terreno — I had nothing to do with the sale of the land

14) a ver

a ver niños, ¿cuál es la capital de Francia? — now, children, what is the capital of France?

-mira, tú sales en la foto -¿a ver? — "look, you're in the photo" - "let's have a look" o"let's see"

a ver ese niño, que no se quede solo — don't leave that child on his own

a ver qué dicen las noticias sobre el robo — let's see if there's anything about the robbery on the news

a ver qué está pasando — let's see what's happening

-estás estudiando mucho -¡a ver, no queda más remedio! — "you're doing a lot of studying" - "well, I haven't got much choice!"

¡a ver, cállate ya! — shut up, will you!

¿a ver? — (And) (Telec) hello?

• a ver si..., a ver si acabas pronto — see if you can finish this off quickly

¡a ver si te crees que no lo sé! — surely you don't think I don't know about it!

2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) (=percibir) to see

no veo muy bien con el ojo derecho — I can't see very well with my right eye

como vimos ayer en la conferencia — as we saw in the lecture yesterday

como veremos más adelante — as we shall see later

• eso está por ver — that remains to be seen

que no veo * —

tengo un hambre que no veo — I'm famished!

que no veas * —

hay un ruido que no veas — there's a hell of a racket! *

un coche que no veas — an amazing car

ver y callar —

no digas nada, tú solo ver y callar — you'd better keep your mouth shut about this

- ver para creer

2) (=comprobar) to see

según voy viendo... — as I am beginning to see...

-¿quién ha venido? -no sé, voy a ver — "who is it?" -"I don't know, I'll go and see"

- al final siempre me toca hacerlo a mi -ya veo — "in the end it's always me that has to do it" - "so I see"

3) (=entender) to see

¿ves?, así es mucho más fácil — you see? it's much easier like this

a mi modo de ver — as I see it, the way I see it

¿viste? — ( Cono Sur) right?, are you with me?

4)

• ver de hacer algo — to see about doing sth, try to do sth

tenemos que ver de solucionar este problema — we must try to o and find a solution to this problem

veremos de salir temprano — we'll see if we can leave early, we'll try to o and leave early

5) (otras locuciones)

•¡hay que ver!, ¡hay que ver lo que te pareces a tu madre! — gosh! how like your mother you are o look!

¡hay que ver lo que ha cambiado la ciudad! — it's incredible o you wouldn't believe how much the town has changed!

•¡ para que veas!, ha aprobado todas las asignaturas, ¡para que veas! — she passed all her exams, how about that!

no solo no perdí, sino que arrasé, ¡para que veas! — not only did I not lose, but I won by a mile, so there!

—

• lo dijo de por ver — ( Cono Sur) he was just trying it on *

—

todo quedó en veremos — it was all left in the air

eso está o queda en veremos — it's not certain yet

• vamos a ver — let's see..., let me see...

-¿esto tiene arreglo? -no sé, vamos a ver — "can this be repaired?" - "I don't know, let's see o let me see"

¿por qué no me llamaste, vamos a ver? — why didn't you call me, I'd like to know?

•ya veremos — we'll see

-¿podré ir a la fiesta? -ya veremos — "can I go to the party?" - "we'll see"

3.

See:

verse

* * *
I
masculino

1) ( aspecto)

de buen ver — good-looking, attractive

no es de mal ver — she's not bad-looking

2) ( opinión)

a mi/su ver — in my/his view
II 1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( percibir con la vista) to see

¿ves algo? — can you see anything?

no se ve nada aquí — you can't see a thing in here

tú ves visiones — you're seeing things

es como si lo estuviera viendo — it's as if I were seeing him/it now

ver algo/a alguien + inf — to see something/somebody + inf

la vi bailar hace años — I saw her dance years ago

lo vi hablando con ella — I saw him talking to her

si te he visto no me acuerdo — (fam) he/she doesn't/didn't want to know

ver venir algo — to see something coming

b) ( mirar) <programa/partido> to watch

ver (la) televisión — to watch television

esa película ya la he visto — I've seen that movie before

déjame ver — let me see

no poder (ni) ver a alguien: no puede ni verla or no la puede ver — he can't stand her

c) ( imaginar) to see, picture

2) (entender, notar) to see

¿no ves lo que está pasando? — don't o can't you see what's happening?

no quiere ver la realidad — he won't face up to reality

sólo ve sus problemas — he's only interested in his own problems

se te ve en la cara — I can tell by your face

se la ve feliz/preocupada — she looks happy/worried

ya lo veo — I can see that

hacerse ver — (RPl) to show off

echar de ver — (Esp) to realize

3)

a) (constatar, comprobar) to see

ve a ver quién es — go and see who it is

ya verás lo que pasa! — you'll see what happens

habrá que ver si lo hace — it remains to be seen whether he does it

eso ya se verá! — we'll see

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

no me olvidé para que veas! — I didn't forget, see?

le gané para que veas! — I beat him, so there!

b) ( ser testigo de) to see

vieron confirmadas sus sospechas — they saw their suspicions confirmed

nunca he visto cosa igual! — I've never seen anything like it!

habráse visto semejante desfachatez! — what a nerve! (colloq)

si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! — you can't imagine how awful it was!

es tan bonita, si vieras... — she's so pretty, you should see her

vieras or hubieras visto cómo se asustaron...! — (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!

ya ves, aquí me tienes — well, here I am

hay que ver! — would you believe it!

hay que ver lo que ha crecido! — wow o gosh! hasn't he grown!

hay que ver lo grosera que es — she's incredibly rude

que no veas — (Esp fam)

me echó una bronca que no veas — you wouldn't believe the earful she gave me! (colloq)

que no veo — (AmL fam)

tengo un hambre que no veo — (fam) I'm absolutely starving (colloq)

tengo un sueño que no veo — I'm so tired I can hardly keep my eyes open

4)

a ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?; aquí está en el periódico - ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper - let's see; ¿a ver qué tienes ahí? let me see what you've got there; apriétalo a ver qué pasa press it and let's see what happens; a ver si me entienden ( justificando) don't get me wrong; ( explicando) let me make myself clear; a ver si estudias más I'd think about studying harder; a ver si escribes pronto make sure you write soon; cállate, a ver si alguien te oye! shut up, somebody might hear you; a ver cuándo vienes a visitarnos — come and see us soon

5)

a) ( estudiar)

esto mejor que lo veas tú — you'd better have a look at this

tengo que ver cómo lo arreglo — I have to work out how I can fix it

ya veré qué hago — I'll decide what to do later

véase el capítulo anterior — see (the) previous chapter

no vimos ese tema en clase — we didn't cover that topic in class

b) médico ( examinar) to see

¿la ha visto un médico? — has she been seen by a doctor yet?

se hizo ver por un especialista — (AmS) she saw a specialist

c) (Der) < causa> to try, hear

6)

a) (juzgar, considerar)

yo eso no lo veo bien — I don't think that's right

cada uno ve las cosas a su manera — everybody sees things differently

a mi modo or manera de ver — the way I see it

b) ( encontrar) to see

no le veo salida a esto — I can't see any way out of this

no le veo la gracia — I don't think it's funny

no le veo nada de malo — I can't see anything wrong in it

7) (visitar, entrevistarse con) <amigo/pariente> to see, visit; <médico/jefe> to see

cuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!, long time, no see (colloq)

ahora lo vemos menos — we don't see so much of him now

8)

tener... que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? and what does that have to do with it?; no tengo nada que ver con él I have nothing to do with him; ¿tuviste algo que ver en esto? did you have anything to do with this?; ¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?; ¿tendrán algo que ver con los Zamora? — are they related in any way to the Zamoras?
2.
ver vi

1) ( percibir con la vista) to see

enciende la luz que no veo — turn on the light, I can't see

no veo bien de lejos/de cerca — I'm shortsighted/longsighted

2) ( constatar)

¿hay cerveza? - no sé, voy a ver — is there any beer? - I don't know, I'll have a look

¿está Juan? - voy a ver — is Juan in? - I'll go and see

verás, no quería decírtelo, pero... — look, I didn't want to tell you, but...

pues verás, todo empezó cuando... — well you see, the whole thing began when...

ver para creer — seeing is believing

3) ( pensar) to see

¿vas a decir que sí? - ya veré — are you going to accept? - I'll see

estar/seguir en veremos — (AmL fam)

todavía está en veremos — it isn't certain yet

seguimos en veremos — we still don't know anything
3.
verse v pron

1) (refl)

a) ( percibirse) to see oneself

se vio reflejado en el agua — he saw his reflection in the water

b) ( imaginarse) to see oneself

2)

a) ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneself

me vi en un aprieto — I found myself in a tight spot

me vi obligado a despedirlo — I had no choice but to dismiss him

vérselas venir — (fam)

me las veía venir — I could see it coming

verse venir algo — to see something coming

b) (frml) ( ser)

este problema se ha visto agravado por... — this problem has been made worse by...

el país se verá beneficiado — the country will benefit

3) ( dejar ver) (+ me/te/le etc)

se te ve todo — you're showing everything

4) (esp AmL) ( parecer)

se ve bien con esa falda — she looks good in that skirt

no se ve bien con ese peinado — that hairdo doesn't suit her

5) (recípr) ( encontrarse) to meet; ( visitarse) to see each other

nos vemos a las siete — I'll meet o see you at seven

no nos vimos durante un tiempo — we didn't see each other for a while

nos vemos! — (esp AmL) see you!

verse con alguien — to see somebody

vérselas con alguien: tendrá que vérselas conmigo — he'll have me to deal with

* * *

= descry, discern, see, spot, view, view, witness, check out, make out, look down over, look down on/upon, catch + sight of.

Ex. He looked up and descried a gym class, all wet and draggled, scurrying back across the sodden football field.

Ex. Such variations also make it difficult for a cataloguer inserting a new heading for local use to discern the principles which should be heeded in the construction of such a heading.

Ex. Where the conference cannot be seen to have a name, then the work will normally be treated as a collection.

Ex. When all necessary amendments have been spotted, edit the draft abstract and make any improvements to the style that are possible.

Ex. Thus it is possible in an author sequence to view easily the works of one author.

Ex. Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.

Ex. We sometimes only have to speak a word to witness a reaction in other people that should logically follow only if the object itself were present.

Ex. Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.

Ex. She could just make out that he was standing against the wall near the door, ready to jump anyone who came out the door.

Ex. There was one ram that was content to stay up in the cliffs and look down over his domain.

Ex. The characters stand inside a mysterious domed structure looking down on the Earth watching the 19th century take shape.

Ex. 'Good grief!', he cried, catching sight of the clock.

----

* acercarse sin ser visto = sidle up to.

* alcanzar a ver = glimpse.

* algo digno de ver = a sight to behold.

* al ver = at the sight of.

* a mi modo de ver = in my books.

* de buen ver = good looking.

* dejar de ver = become + blind to.

* dejarse ver = have + visibility.

* dichosos los ojos que te ven = a sight for sore eyes.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* el ver televisión = television viewing.

* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.

* estar por ver = be an open question.

* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.

* hacerse ver = gain + exposure.

* hacer ver = alert to, bring to + Posesivo + attention, bring to + the attention, call + attention to, awaken, bring + home, open + Posesivo + eyes to, bring + attention to, bring to + Posesivo + notice, get across.

* hacer ver claramente = hammer + home + message, show + clearly.

* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.

* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.

* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.

* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = cannot see the forest for the trees.

* manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.

* no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.

* no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.

* no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.

* no querer tener nada que ver Algo = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.

* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.

* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.

* no ver = be blind to.

* no ver con buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.

* no verse afectado = be none the worse for wear, be none the worse for (that).

* no verse comprometido por = be uncompromised by.

* no verse en peligro = be uncompromised by.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = ignorance is bliss.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind.

* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.

* referencia "véase" = see reference.

* referencia "véase además" = see also reference.

* salir sin ser visto = slip out, steal away.

* según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.

* ser algo por ver = be an open question.

* sin ser visto = undetected, unobserved.

* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.

* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.

* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.

* tener que ver con = be concerned with, concern, relate to, hold + a stake in, have + a stake in, be a question of.

* una cosa no + tener + nada que ver con la otra = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.

* una vista digna de ver = a sight to behold.

* un espectáculo digno de ver = a sight to behold.

* véase = see under, SU, refer-to, qv (quod vide -latín).

* véase además = see also.

* véase como ejemplo = witness.

* véase desde = see from, refer-from.

* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.

* Veo, Veo = I Spy.

* ver Algo a través de los ojos de Alguien = look at + Nombre + through + Posesivo + eyes.

* ver Algo con humor = a funny eye for.

* ver Algo desde el punto de vista + Adjetivo = view + Nombre + through + Adjetivo + eyes.

* ver Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = view + Nombre + in a new light, see + Nombre + in a new light.

* ver Algo desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = see + Nombre + in a + Adjetivo + light.

* ver Algo venir = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.

* ver a través de = see through, see through.

* ver bien = welcome.

* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).

* ver con los prismáticos = glass.

* ver con recelo = have + reservations (about).

* ver con un ojo crítico = view with + a critical eye.

* ver de antemano = preview.

* ver desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on.

* ver desventajas = see + drawbacks.

* ver de un vistazo = see + at a glance.

* ver doble = see + double.

* ver el motivo de Algo = glean + the reason for.

* ver el mundo desde una perspectiva diferente = see + the world in a different light.

* ver el porqué = see + the point.

* ver el propósito = see + the point.

* ver el sentido = see + the point.

* ver en pantalla = scroll.

* ver faltas en = see + faults in.

* ver grabación en vídeo = video playback.

* ver inconvenientes = see + drawbacks.

* ver la finalidad = see + the point.

* ver la luz = see + the light.

* ver la luz al final del túnel = see + the light at the end of the tunnel.

* ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.

* ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.

* ver la oportunidad = see + a chance.

* ver la posibilidad = see + the possibility.

* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas desde una perspectiva = see + things from + perspective.

* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas en su conjunto = see + things as a whole.

* ver las cosas en su totalidad = see + things as a whole.

* ver las cosas positivas = look on + the bright side.

* ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.

* ver las estrellas = see + stars.

* ver la tele = watch + the telly.

* ver la utilidad = see + the point.

* verle las orejas al lobo = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.

* ver lo que Alguien realmente piensa = see into + Posesivo + heart.

* ver lo que + avecinarse = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.

* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.

* ver mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* ver + Nombre + con nuevos ojos = view + Nombre + through fresh eyes.

* ver + Nombre + desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = see + Nombre + through + Nombre + eyes.

* verse en la necesidad = be constrained to.

* verse en la necesidad de = be left with the need to.

* verse en la necesidad urgente de = be hard pressed.

* verse en la situación = find + Reflexivo + in the position.

* verse en medio de = caught in the middle.

* verse envuelto en = become + involved in, get + involved with/in.

* verse frustrado = become + frustrated.

* vérselas canutas = have + a devil of a time.

* vérselas con = contend with.

* vérselas negras = jump through + hoops, have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre, have + a devil of a time.

* vérsele a Alguien el plumero = give + Reflexivo + away.

* verse muy afectado por = have + a high stake in.

* verse negro = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.

* verse obligado a no + Infinitivo = be enjoined from + Gerundio.

* verse superado sólo por = be second only to.

* verse venir = be on the cards.

* ver televisión = watch + television.

* ver un fantasma = see + a ghost.

* ver ventajas = see + advantages.

* vistas desde fuera = outwardly.

* visto desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.

* * *
I
masculino

1) ( aspecto)

de buen ver — good-looking, attractive

no es de mal ver — she's not bad-looking

2) ( opinión)

a mi/su ver — in my/his view
II 1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( percibir con la vista) to see

¿ves algo? — can you see anything?

no se ve nada aquí — you can't see a thing in here

tú ves visiones — you're seeing things

es como si lo estuviera viendo — it's as if I were seeing him/it now

ver algo/a alguien + inf — to see something/somebody + inf

la vi bailar hace años — I saw her dance years ago

lo vi hablando con ella — I saw him talking to her

si te he visto no me acuerdo — (fam) he/she doesn't/didn't want to know

ver venir algo — to see something coming

b) ( mirar) <programa/partido> to watch

ver (la) televisión — to watch television

esa película ya la he visto — I've seen that movie before

déjame ver — let me see

no poder (ni) ver a alguien: no puede ni verla or no la puede ver — he can't stand her

c) ( imaginar) to see, picture

2) (entender, notar) to see

¿no ves lo que está pasando? — don't o can't you see what's happening?

no quiere ver la realidad — he won't face up to reality

sólo ve sus problemas — he's only interested in his own problems

se te ve en la cara — I can tell by your face

se la ve feliz/preocupada — she looks happy/worried

ya lo veo — I can see that

hacerse ver — (RPl) to show off

echar de ver — (Esp) to realize

3)

a) (constatar, comprobar) to see

ve a ver quién es — go and see who it is

ya verás lo que pasa! — you'll see what happens

habrá que ver si lo hace — it remains to be seen whether he does it

eso ya se verá! — we'll see

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

no me olvidé para que veas! — I didn't forget, see?

le gané para que veas! — I beat him, so there!

b) ( ser testigo de) to see

vieron confirmadas sus sospechas — they saw their suspicions confirmed

nunca he visto cosa igual! — I've never seen anything like it!

habráse visto semejante desfachatez! — what a nerve! (colloq)

si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! — you can't imagine how awful it was!

es tan bonita, si vieras... — she's so pretty, you should see her

vieras or hubieras visto cómo se asustaron...! — (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!

ya ves, aquí me tienes — well, here I am

hay que ver! — would you believe it!

hay que ver lo que ha crecido! — wow o gosh! hasn't he grown!

hay que ver lo grosera que es — she's incredibly rude

que no veas — (Esp fam)

me echó una bronca que no veas — you wouldn't believe the earful she gave me! (colloq)

que no veo — (AmL fam)

tengo un hambre que no veo — (fam) I'm absolutely starving (colloq)

tengo un sueño que no veo — I'm so tired I can hardly keep my eyes open

4)

a ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?; aquí está en el periódico - ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper - let's see; ¿a ver qué tienes ahí? let me see what you've got there; apriétalo a ver qué pasa press it and let's see what happens; a ver si me entienden ( justificando) don't get me wrong; ( explicando) let me make myself clear; a ver si estudias más I'd think about studying harder; a ver si escribes pronto make sure you write soon; cállate, a ver si alguien te oye! shut up, somebody might hear you; a ver cuándo vienes a visitarnos — come and see us soon

5)

a) ( estudiar)

esto mejor que lo veas tú — you'd better have a look at this

tengo que ver cómo lo arreglo — I have to work out how I can fix it

ya veré qué hago — I'll decide what to do later

véase el capítulo anterior — see (the) previous chapter

no vimos ese tema en clase — we didn't cover that topic in class

b) médico ( examinar) to see

¿la ha visto un médico? — has she been seen by a doctor yet?

se hizo ver por un especialista — (AmS) she saw a specialist

c) (Der) < causa> to try, hear

6)

a) (juzgar, considerar)

yo eso no lo veo bien — I don't think that's right

cada uno ve las cosas a su manera — everybody sees things differently

a mi modo or manera de ver — the way I see it

b) ( encontrar) to see

no le veo salida a esto — I can't see any way out of this

no le veo la gracia — I don't think it's funny

no le veo nada de malo — I can't see anything wrong in it

7) (visitar, entrevistarse con) <amigo/pariente> to see, visit; <médico/jefe> to see

cuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!, long time, no see (colloq)

ahora lo vemos menos — we don't see so much of him now

8)

tener... que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? and what does that have to do with it?; no tengo nada que ver con él I have nothing to do with him; ¿tuviste algo que ver en esto? did you have anything to do with this?; ¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?; ¿tendrán algo que ver con los Zamora? — are they related in any way to the Zamoras?
2.
ver vi

1) ( percibir con la vista) to see

enciende la luz que no veo — turn on the light, I can't see

no veo bien de lejos/de cerca — I'm shortsighted/longsighted

2) ( constatar)

¿hay cerveza? - no sé, voy a ver — is there any beer? - I don't know, I'll have a look

¿está Juan? - voy a ver — is Juan in? - I'll go and see

verás, no quería decírtelo, pero... — look, I didn't want to tell you, but...

pues verás, todo empezó cuando... — well you see, the whole thing began when...

ver para creer — seeing is believing

3) ( pensar) to see

¿vas a decir que sí? - ya veré — are you going to accept? - I'll see

estar/seguir en veremos — (AmL fam)

todavía está en veremos — it isn't certain yet

seguimos en veremos — we still don't know anything
3.
verse v pron

1) (refl)

a) ( percibirse) to see oneself

se vio reflejado en el agua — he saw his reflection in the water

b) ( imaginarse) to see oneself

2)

a) ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneself

me vi en un aprieto — I found myself in a tight spot

me vi obligado a despedirlo — I had no choice but to dismiss him

vérselas venir — (fam)

me las veía venir — I could see it coming

verse venir algo — to see something coming

b) (frml) ( ser)

este problema se ha visto agravado por... — this problem has been made worse by...

el país se verá beneficiado — the country will benefit

3) ( dejar ver) (+ me/te/le etc)

se te ve todo — you're showing everything

4) (esp AmL) ( parecer)

se ve bien con esa falda — she looks good in that skirt

no se ve bien con ese peinado — that hairdo doesn't suit her

5) (recípr) ( encontrarse) to meet; ( visitarse) to see each other

nos vemos a las siete — I'll meet o see you at seven

no nos vimos durante un tiempo — we didn't see each other for a while

nos vemos! — (esp AmL) see you!

verse con alguien — to see somebody

vérselas con alguien: tendrá que vérselas conmigo — he'll have me to deal with

* * *

= descry, discern, see, spot, view, view, witness, check out, make out, look down over, look down on/upon, catch + sight of.

Ex: He looked up and descried a gym class, all wet and draggled, scurrying back across the sodden football field.

Ex: Such variations also make it difficult for a cataloguer inserting a new heading for local use to discern the principles which should be heeded in the construction of such a heading.

Ex: Where the conference cannot be seen to have a name, then the work will normally be treated as a collection.

Ex: When all necessary amendments have been spotted, edit the draft abstract and make any improvements to the style that are possible.

Ex: Thus it is possible in an author sequence to view easily the works of one author.

Ex: Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.

Ex: We sometimes only have to speak a word to witness a reaction in other people that should logically follow only if the object itself were present.

Ex: Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.

Ex: She could just make out that he was standing against the wall near the door, ready to jump anyone who came out the door.

Ex: There was one ram that was content to stay up in the cliffs and look down over his domain.

Ex: The characters stand inside a mysterious domed structure looking down on the Earth watching the 19th century take shape.

Ex: 'Good grief!', he cried, catching sight of the clock.

* acercarse sin ser visto = sidle up to.

* alcanzar a ver = glimpse.

* algo digno de ver = a sight to behold.

* al ver = at the sight of.

* a mi modo de ver = in my books.

* de buen ver = good looking.

* dejar de ver = become + blind to.

* dejarse ver = have + visibility.

* dichosos los ojos que te ven = a sight for sore eyes.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* el ver televisión = television viewing.

* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.

* estar por ver = be an open question.

* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.

* hacerse ver = gain + exposure.

* hacer ver = alert to, bring to + Posesivo + attention, bring to + the attention, call + attention to, awaken, bring + home, open + Posesivo + eyes to, bring + attention to, bring to + Posesivo + notice, get across.

* hacer ver claramente = hammer + home + message, show + clearly.

* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.

* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.

* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.

* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = cannot see the forest for the trees.

* manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.

* no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.

* no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.

* no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.

* no querer tener nada que ver Algo = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.

* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.

* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.

* no ver = be blind to.

* no ver con buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.

* no verse afectado = be none the worse for wear, be none the worse for (that).

* no verse comprometido por = be uncompromised by.

* no verse en peligro = be uncompromised by.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = ignorance is bliss.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind.

* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.

* referencia "véase" = see reference.

* referencia "véase además" = see also reference.

* salir sin ser visto = slip out, steal away.

* según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.

* ser algo por ver = be an open question.

* sin ser visto = undetected, unobserved.

* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.

* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.

* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.

* tener que ver con = be concerned with, concern, relate to, hold + a stake in, have + a stake in, be a question of.

* una cosa no + tener + nada que ver con la otra = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.

* una vista digna de ver = a sight to behold.

* un espectáculo digno de ver = a sight to behold.

* véase = see under, SU, refer-to, qv (quod vide -latín).

* véase además = see also.

* véase como ejemplo = witness.

* véase desde = see from, refer-from.

* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.

* Veo, Veo = I Spy.

* ver Algo a través de los ojos de Alguien = look at + Nombre + through + Posesivo + eyes.

* ver Algo con humor = a funny eye for.

* ver Algo desde el punto de vista + Adjetivo = view + Nombre + through + Adjetivo + eyes.

* ver Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = view + Nombre + in a new light, see + Nombre + in a new light.

* ver Algo desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = see + Nombre + in a + Adjetivo + light.

* ver Algo venir = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.

* ver a través de = see through, see through.

* ver bien = welcome.

* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).

* ver con los prismáticos = glass.

* ver con recelo = have + reservations (about).

* ver con un ojo crítico = view with + a critical eye.

* ver de antemano = preview.

* ver desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on.

* ver desventajas = see + drawbacks.

* ver de un vistazo = see + at a glance.

* ver doble = see + double.

* ver el motivo de Algo = glean + the reason for.

* ver el mundo desde una perspectiva diferente = see + the world in a different light.

* ver el porqué = see + the point.

* ver el propósito = see + the point.

* ver el sentido = see + the point.

* ver en pantalla = scroll.

* ver faltas en = see + faults in.

* ver grabación en vídeo = video playback.

* ver inconvenientes = see + drawbacks.

* ver la finalidad = see + the point.

* ver la luz = see + the light.

* ver la luz al final del túnel = see + the light at the end of the tunnel.

* ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.

* ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.

* ver la oportunidad = see + a chance.

* ver la posibilidad = see + the possibility.

* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas desde una perspectiva = see + things from + perspective.

* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.

* ver las cosas en su conjunto = see + things as a whole.

* ver las cosas en su totalidad = see + things as a whole.

* ver las cosas positivas = look on + the bright side.

* ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.

* ver las estrellas = see + stars.

* ver la tele = watch + the telly.

* ver la utilidad = see + the point.

* verle las orejas al lobo = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.

* ver lo que Alguien realmente piensa = see into + Posesivo + heart.

* ver lo que + avecinarse = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.

* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.

* ver mundo = see + life, see + the world.

* ver + Nombre + con nuevos ojos = view + Nombre + through fresh eyes.

* ver + Nombre + desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = see + Nombre + through + Nombre + eyes.

* verse en la necesidad = be constrained to.

* verse en la necesidad de = be left with the need to.

* verse en la necesidad urgente de = be hard pressed.

* verse en la situación = find + Reflexivo + in the position.

* verse en medio de = caught in the middle.

* verse envuelto en = become + involved in, get + involved with/in.

* verse frustrado = become + frustrated.

* vérselas canutas = have + a devil of a time.

* vérselas con = contend with.

* vérselas negras = jump through + hoops, have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre, have + a devil of a time.

* vérsele a Alguien el plumero = give + Reflexivo + away.

* verse muy afectado por = have + a high stake in.

* verse negro = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.

* verse obligado a no + Infinitivo = be enjoined from + Gerundio.

* verse superado sólo por = be second only to.

* verse venir = be on the cards.

* ver televisión = watch + television.

* ver un fantasma = see + a ghost.

* ver ventajas = see + advantages.

* vistas desde fuera = outwardly.

* visto desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.

* * *

ver¹

masculine

A

(aspecto): aún está de buen ver he's still good-looking o attractive, he still looks good

no es de mal ver she's not bad-looking

B

(opinión): a mi/su ver in my/his view, as I see/he sees it

ver² [ E29 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ ver (verbo transitivo)

A

1 percibir con la vista

2 mirar

3 imaginar

B

1 entender, notar

2 echar de ver

C

1 constatar, comprobar

2 ser testigo de

D a ver

E

1 estudiar

2 examinar: médico

3 Derecho

F

1 juzgar, considerar

2 encontrar

G visitar, entrevistarse con

H en el póquer

I tener... que ver

■ ver (verbo intransitivo)

A percibir con la vista

B constatar

C estudiar, pensar

D a ver

E ver de

■ verse (verbo pronominal)

A

1 percibirse

2 imaginarse

B

1 hallarse

2 ser

C parecer

D encontrarse

vt

A

1 (percibir con la vista) to see

¿ves el letrero allí enfrente? can o do you see that sign opposite?

lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own eyes

¿ves algo? can you see anything?

enciende la luz que no se ve nada switch on the light, I can't see a thing

tú ves visiones, allí no hay nada you're seeing things, there's nothing there

se te ve la combinación your slip is showing

me acuerdo perfectamente, es como si lo estuviera viendo I remember it perfectly, as if I were seeing it now

ver algo/a algn + INF/GER:

la vi bailar en Londres hace años I saw her dance in London years ago

la vi metérselo en el bolsillo I saw her put it into her pocket

los vieron salir por la puerta trasera they were seen leaving by the back door

lo vi hablando con ella I saw him talking to her

ahí donde lo/la ves: ahí donde la ves tiene un genio … incredible though it may seem, she has a real temper …

aquí donde me ves, tengo 90 años cumplidos believe it or not, I'm ninety years old

no ver ni tres en un burro or ni un burro a tres pasos or ni jota ( fam): sin gafas no veo ni jota I can't see a thing without my glasses, without my glasses I'm as blind as a bat

si te he visto no me acuerdo ( fam): en cuanto le pedí un favor, si te he visto no me acuerdo as soon as I asked a favor of him, he just didn't want to know

ver venir algo/a algn: el fracaso se veía venir it was obvious o you could see it was going to fail

te veía venir, ya sabía lo que me ibas a pedir I thought as much, I knew what you were going to ask me for

ya lo veo venir, seguro que quiere una semana libre I know what he's after, I bet he wants a week off ( colloq)

¡y tú que lo veas!: ¡que cumplas muchos más! — ¡y tú que lo veas! many happy returns! — thank you very much

van a bajar los impuestos — ¡y tú que lo veas! ( iró); they're going to cut taxes — do you think you'll live long enough to see it? ( iro)

2 (mirar) to watch

estaba viendo la televisión I was watching television

esa película ya la he visto I've seen that movie before

¿te has hecho daño?, déjame ver have you hurt yourself? let me see

un espectáculo que hay que ver a show which you must see o which is not to be missed o ( colloq) which is a must

no poder (ni) ver a algn: no puede ni verla or no la puede ver he can't stand her, he can't stand the sight of her

no lo puedo ver ni pintado or ni en pintura ( fam); I can't stand the sight of him

3 (imaginar) to see, imagine, picture

yo no la veo viviendo en el campo I can't see o imagine o picture her living in the country

ya la veo tumbada en la arena sin hacer nada … I can see o picture her now lying on the sand doing nothing …

B

1 (entender, notar) to see

¿no ves que la situación es grave? don't o can't you see how serious the situation is?

¿ves qué amargo es? you see how bitter it is?

no quiere ver la realidad he won't face up to reality

sólo ve sus problemas he's only interested in his own problems

se te ve en la cara I can tell by your face

se le ve que disfruta con su trabajo you can see o tell she enjoys her work

te veo preocupado ¿qué te pasa? you look worried, what's the matter?

la veo muy contenta she looks o seems very happy

es un poco complicado, ¿sabes? — ya se ve it's a bit complicated, you know — so I (can) see

ya veo/ya se ve que no tienes mucha práctica en esto I can see o it's obvious you haven't had much practice at this, you obviously haven't had much practice at this

hacerse ver ( RPl); to show off

2

echar de ver to realize, notice

pronto echó de ver que le faltaba dinero he soon realized o noticed that some of his money was missing

se echa de ver que está muy contento it's obvious he's very happy

C

1 (constatar, comprobar) to see

ve a ver quién es go and see who it is

¡ya verás lo que es bueno si no me haces caso! you'll see what you get if you don't do as I say

habrá que ver si cumple su promesa it remains to be seen o we'll have to see whether he keeps his promise

verás como no viene he won't come, wait and see o you'll see

ya no funciona ¿lo ves? or ¿viste? te dije que no lo tocaras now, it's not working any more. You see? I told you not to touch it

¡eso ya se verá! we'll see

¡eso está por ver! we'll see about that!

¡para que veas! ¡tú que decías que no iba a ser capaz! see? I did it! and you said I wouldn't be able to!

gané por tres sets a cero ¡para que veas! I won by three sets to love, so there!

2 (ser testigo de) to see

vieron confirmadas sus sospechas they saw their suspicions confirmed, their suspicions were confirmed

¡nunca he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it!

¡habráse visto semejante desfachatez! what a nerve! ( colloq)

¡si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! you can't imagine how awful it was!

es tan bonita, si vieras … she's so pretty, you should see her

¡vieras or hubieras visto cómo se asustaron …! ( AmL); you should have seen the fright they got!

tenías que haber visto lo furioso que se puso you should have seen how angry he got

¡hombre! ¿tú por aquí? — ya ves, no tenía otra cosa que hacer hello, what are you doing here? — well, I didn't have anything else to do

pensaba tomarme el día libre pero ya ves, aquí me tienes I intended taking the day off but … well, here I am

¡hay que ver! ¡lo que son las cosas! well, well, well! o I don't know! would you believe it?

¡hay que ver! hasta se llevaron el dinero de los niños would you believe it! they even took the children's money

¡hay que ver lo que ha crecido! wow o gosh! hasn't he grown!

hay que ver qué bien se portaron they behaved really well, it's amazing how well they behaved

hay que ver lo grosera que es she's incredibly rude

que no veas ( Esp fam): me echó una bronca que no veas she gave me such an earful! ( colloq), you wouldn't believe the earful she gave me! ( colloq)

tenía una borrachera que no veas he was absolutely blind drunk

tienen una cocina que no veas they have an incredible kitchen

que no veo ( AmL fam): tengo un hambre que no veo ( fam); I'm absolutely starving ( colloq), I'm so hungry I could eat a horse ( colloq)

tengo un sueño que no veo I'm so tired I can hardly keep my eyes open

D

a ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right o well, now, what's the problem?

a ver, el fórceps, rápido give me the forceps, quickly

aquí está en el periódico — ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper — let's see

¿a ver qué tienes ahí? let me see o show me what you've got there, what have you got there?

aprieta el botón a ver qué pasa press the button and let's see what happens

a ver si me entienden (justificando) don't get me wrong; (explicando) let me make myself clear

a ver si arreglas esa lámpara when are you going to fix that light?

a ver si escribes pronto write soon, make sure you write soon

¡cállate, a ver si alguien te oye! shut up, somebody might hear you

¡a ver si ahora se cree que se lo robé yo! I hope he doesn't think that I stole it!

a ver cuándo vienes a visitarnos come and see us soon/one of these days

¡a ver! (AmC, Col) (al contestar el teléfono) hello?

E

1

(estudiar): esto mejor que lo veas tú you'd better look at this o see this o have a look at this

tengo que ver cómo lo arreglo I have to work out o see how I can fix it

aún no lo sé, ya veré qué hago I still don't know, I'll decide what to do later

véase el capítulo anterior see (the) previous chapter

no vimos ese tema en clase we didn't look at o study o do that topic in class

2

«médico» (examinar): ¿la ha visto ya un médico? has she been seen by a doctor yet?, has she seen a doctor yet?

¿por qué no te haces ver por un especialista? ( AmS); why don't you see a specialist?

3 ( Derecho) ‹causa› to try, hear

F

1

(juzgar, considerar): yo eso no lo veo bien I don't think that's right

cada uno ve las cosas a su manera everybody has their own point of view, everybody sees things differently

a mi modo or manera de ver to my way of thinking, the way I see it

2 (encontrar) to see

no le veo salida a esta situación I can't see any way out of this situation

¿tú le ves algún inconveniente? can you see any drawbacks to it?

no le veo la gracia I don't think it's funny, I don't find it funny

no le veo nada de malo I can't see anything wrong in it

no veo por qué no I don't see why not

G

(visitar, entrevistarse con): es mejor que vea a su propio médico it's better if you go to o see your own doctor

hace tiempo que no lo veo I haven't seen him for some time

¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages!, long time, no see ( colloq)

aún no he ido a ver a la abuela I still haven't been to see o visit grandmother

ahora que vive lejos lo vemos menos we don't see so much of him now that he lives so far away

H

(en el póquer): las veo I'll see you

I

tener … que ver: eso no tiene nada que ver con lo que estamos discutiendo that has nothing to do with what we are discussing

es muy joven — ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? he's very young — and what does that have to do with it?

no tengo nada que ver con esa compañía I have nothing to do with that company, I have no connection with that company

¿tuviste algo que ver en ese asunto? did you have anything to do with o any connection with that business?, were you involved in that business?

¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?

¿tendrán algo que ver con los Icasuriaga de Zamora? are they related in any way to the Icasuriagas from Zamora?

■ ver

vi

A (percibir con la vista) to see

no veo bien de lejos/de cerca I'm shortsighted/longsighted

enciende la luz que no veo turn on the light, I can't see

B

(constatar): ¿hay cerveza? — no sé, voy a ver is there any beer? — I don't know, I'll have a look

¿está Juan? — voy a ver is Juan in? — I'll go and see

verás, no quería engañarte pero … look, I wasn't trying to deceive you, it's just that …

pues verás, la cosa empezó cuando … well you see, the whole thing began when …

ver para creer seeing is believing

C (estudiar, pensar) to see

vamos a veror veamos, ¿dónde le duele? let's see now, where does it hurt?

¿vas a decir que sí? — ya veré, déjame pensarlo un poco are you going to accept? I'll see, let me think about it

estar/seguir en veremos ( AmL fam): todavía está en veremos it isn't certain yet

seguimos en veremos we still don't know anything, we're still in the dark

D

a ver see ver² vt D.

E ver de (procurar) to try

vean de que no se dé cuenta try to make sure he doesn't notice

vamos a ver de hacerlo lo más rápido posible let's try to get it done o let's see if we can get it done as quickly as possible

■ verse

v pron

A ( refl)

1 (percibirse) to see oneself

¿te quieres ver en el espejo? do you want to see yourself o look at yourself in the mirror?

se vio reflejado en el agua he saw his reflection in the water

2 (imaginarse) to see oneself

¿tú te ves viviendo allí? can you see yourself living there?

B

1 (hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneself

me vi obligado a despedirlo I was obliged to dismiss him, I had no choice but to dismiss him

se vio en la necesidad de pedir dinero prestado he found himself having to borrow money

me vi en un aprieto I found myself in a tight spot

vérselas venir ( fam): me las veía venir por eso tomé precauciones I saw it coming so I took precautions

vérselas y deseárselas: me las vi y me las deseé estudiando y trabajando durante cinco años it was really tough o hard o it was a real struggle studying and working for five years

verse venir algo to see sth coming

2 ( frml)

(ser): este problema se ha visto agravado por … this problem has been made worse by …

las cifras se ven aumentadas al final del verano the figures rise at the end of the summer

el país se verá beneficiado con este acuerdo the country will benefit from this agreement

C ( esp AmL) (parecer) to look

me veo gordísima con esta falda I look really fat in this skirt

D ( recípr) (encontrarse) to meet

se veían un par de veces al mes they used to see each other o meet a couple of times a month

nos vemos a las siete I'll meet o see you at seven

es mejor que no nos veamos durante un tiempo we'd better not see each other for a while

¡nos vemos! ( esp AmL); see you!, I'll be seeing you!

verse CON algn to see sb

ya no me veo con ellos I don't see them any more

vérselas con algn: tendrá que vérselas conmigo como se atreva a molestarte he'll have me to deal with if he dares to bother you

* * *

ver 1 sustantivo masculino
1 ( aspecto):
◊ ser de buen ver to be good-looking o attractive

2 ( opinión):
◊ a mi/su ver in my/his view

ver 2 ( conjugate ver) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( percibir con la vista) to see;

◊ ¿ves algo? can you see anything?;

no se ve nada aquí you can't see a thing in here;
lo vi hablando con ella I saw him talking to her
b) ( mirar) ‹programa/partido› to watch;

◊ ver (la) televisión to watch television;

esa película ya la he visto I've seen that movie before;
no poder (ni) ver a algn: no la puede ver he can't stand her
2 (entender, notar) to see;
◊ ¿no ves lo que está pasando? don't o can't you see what's happening?;

se la ve preocupada she looks worried;
hacerse ver (RPl) to show off
3
a) (constatar, comprobar) to see;

◊ ve a ver quién es go and see who it is;

¡ya verás lo que pasa! you'll see what happens;
¡ya se verá! we'll see
b) ( ser testigo de) to see;

◊ ¡nunca he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it!;

¡si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! you can't imagine how awful it was!;
¡hubieras visto cómo se asustaron! (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!
4
◊ a ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?;

está aquí, en el periódico — ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper — let's see;
apriétalo a ver qué pasa press it and see what happens;
a ver si escribes pronto make sure you write soon
5
a) ( estudiar):

◊ esto mejor que lo veas tú you'd better have a look at this;

tengo que ver cómo lo arreglo I have to work out how I can fix it;
ya veré qué hago I'll decide what to do later
b) [ médico] ( examinar) to see;

◊ ¿la ha visto un médico? has she been seen by a doctor yet?

6
a) (juzgar, considerar):

◊ yo eso no lo veo bien I don't think that's right;

a mi modo or manera de ver the way I see it
b) ( encontrar) to see;

◊ no le veo salida a esto I can't see any way out of this;

no le veo la gracia I don't think it's funny
7 (visitar, entrevistarse con) ‹amigo/pariente› to see, visit;
‹médico/jefe› to see;
◊ ¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages!

8
◊ tener … que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? and what does that have to do with it?;

no tengo nada que ver con él I have nothing to do with him;
¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?
verbo intransitivo
1 ( percibir con la vista) to see;
◊ así no veo I can't see like this;

no veo bien de lejos/de cerca I'm shortsighted/longsighted
2 ( constatar):
◊ ¿hay cerveza? — no sé, voy a ver is there any beer? — I don't know, I'll have a look;

pues verás, todo empezó cuando … well you see, the whole thing began when …
3 ( pensar) to see;
◊ ya veré I'll see;

estar/seguir en veremos (AmL fam): todavía está en veremos it isn't certain yet;
seguimos en veremos we still don't know anything
verse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) (percibirse, imaginarse) to see oneself
2 ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneself;
◊ me vi en un aprieto I found myself in a tight spot;

me vi obligado a despedirlo I had no choice but to dismiss him
3 (esp AmL) ( parecer):
◊ se ve bien con esa falda she looks good in that skirt;

no se ve bien con ese peinado that hairdo doesn't suit her
4 ( recípr)
a) ( encontrarse) to meet;

◊ nos vemos a las siete I'll meet o see you at seven;

¡nos vemos! (esp AmL) see you!
b) (visitarse, encontrarse) to see each other;

◊ nos vemos a menudo we see each other often;

verse con algn to see sb
ver 1 m (aspecto exterior) aún estás de buen ver, you're still good-looking
ver 2 I verbo transitivo
1 to see: vi tu cartera sobre la mesa, I saw your wallet on the table
no veo nada, I can't see anything
puede ver tu casa desde aquí, he can see your house from here ➣ Ver nota en see; (mirar la televisión) to watch: estamos viendo las noticias de las tres, we are watching the three o'clock news
(cine) me gustaría ver esa película, I'd like to see that film
2 (entender) no veo por qué no te gusta, I can't see why you don't like it
(considerar) a mi modo de ver, as far as I can see o as I see it
tus padres no ven bien esa relación, your parents don't agree with that relationship
(parecer) se te ve nervioso, you look nervous
3 (averiguar) ya veremos qué sucede, we'll soon see what happens
fam (uso enfático) ¡no veas qué sitio tan bonito!, you wouldn't believe what a beautiful place!
4 a ver, let's see: a ver si acabamos este trabajo, let's see if we can finish this job
me compré un compacto, - ¿a ver?, I bought a compact disc, - let's have a look!
5 (ir a ver, visitar) to see, visit: le fui a ver al hospital, I visited him in hospital
II verbo intransitivo
1 to see: no ve bien de lejos, he's shortsighted, US nearsighted
2 (dudar, pensar) ¿me prestas este libro?, - ya veré, will you lend me this book?, - I'll see
3 (tener relación) no tengo nada que ver con ese asunto, I have nothing to do with that business
solo tiene cincuenta años, - ¿y eso qué tiene qué ver?, he's only fifty, - so what?
♦ Locuciones: no poder ver a alguien: no puede (ni) verle, she can't stand him
¿To see, to watch o to look?
Los tres verbos reflejan tres conceptos muy distintos. To see hace referencia a la capacidad visual y no es fruto de una acción deliberada. A menudo se usa con can o could: I can see the mountains from my bedroom. Puedo ver las montañas desde mi dormitorio.
To look at implica una acción deliberada: I saw an old atlas, so I opened it and looked at the maps. Vi un atlas antiguo, así que lo abrí y miré los mapas.
To watch también se refiere a una acción deliberada, a menudo cuando se tiene un interés especial por lo que ocurre: I watched the planes in the sky with great interest. Miraba los aviones en el cielo con gran interés. Igualmente puede indicar el paso del tiempo (we watched the animals playing for half an hour, durante media hora observamos cómo jugaban los animales), movimiento (they stood there watching the cars drive off into the distance, se quedaron allí de pie viendo cómo se marchaban los coches) o vigilancia (the policemen have been watching this house because they thought we were thieves, los policías estaban vigilando la casa porque pensaban que éramos ladrones).
Para hablar de películas u obras de teatro usamos to see: Have you seen Hamlet?, ¿Has visto Hamlet? To watch se refiere a la televisión y los deportes en general: I always watch the television in the evening. Siempre veo la televisión por las noches. I like to watch football. Me gusta ver el fútbol. Al hablar de programas o partidos específicos podemos usar tanto to watch como to see: I like to see/watch the news at 9:00. Me gusta ver las noticias a las 9.00. Did you see/watch the match last night?, ¿Viste el partido anoche?
' ver' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abundante
- acabar
- aclararse
- aconsejar
- acordar
- acordarse
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
- actual
- actualmente
- acuerdo
- adentro
- adición
- advertir
- agradecer
- aguantar
- aguardar
- ahora
- alegre
- almuerzo
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- amarilla
- amarillo
- americanada
- amplia
- amplio
- añadir
- anexa
- anexo
- añorar
- apartamento
- apellido
- apetecer
- apreciar
- arrepentirse
- arriesgarse
- atreverse
- aún
- ausente
- ayudar
- bajar
- bastante
- burra
- burro
- cachorra
- cachorro
- caliente
English:
able
- add
- add up
- addition
- advertising
- afloat
- afraid
- afternoon
- aghast
- ajar
- akin
- alight
- alike
- alive
- all
- allow
- alone
- already
- although
- among
- amongst
- and
- another
- apartment
- appear
- appendix
- arouse
- as
- ashamed
- asleep
- assassin
- assassinate
- assassination
- associate
- attorney
- averse
- awake
- awaken
- aware
- bar
- barrister
- bath
- be
- beat
- beer
- beg
- benefit
- between
- billion
- bite

* * *

ver

♦ nm

1. [aspecto]
estar de buen ver to be good-looking

2. [opinión]
a mi ver the way I see it

♦ vt

1. [percibir con los ojos] to see;
[mirar] to look at; [televisión, programa, espectáculo deportivo] to watch; [película, obra, concierto] to see;
¿ves algo? can you see anything?;

yo no veo nada I can't see a thing;

he estado viendo tu trabajo I've been looking at your work;

¿vemos la tele un rato? shall we watch some TV?;

esta serie nunca la veo I never watch this series;

¿has visto el museo? have you been to the museum?;

yo te veo más delgada you look thinner to me;
Méx Fam
¿qué me ves? what are you looking at?;

este edificio ha visto muchos sucesos históricos this building has seen a lot of historic events;

los jubilados han visto aumentadas sus pensiones pensioners have had their pensions increased;

ver a alguien hacer algo to see sb doing sth;

los vi actuar en el festival I saw them acting at the festival;

te vi bajar del autobús I saw you getting off the bus;

los vieron discutir o [m5] discutiendo they were seen arguing;

¡nunca o [m5] jamás he visto cosa igual! I've never seen the like of it!;

¡si vieras qué bien lo pasamos! if only you knew what a good time we had!;

¡si vieras qué cara se le puso! you should have seen her face!;

Comp

ver venir algo/a alguien: este problema ya lo veía venir I could see this problem coming;

lo veo venir I can see what he's up to;

Comp

verlas venir: él prefiere quedarse a verlas venir he prefers to wait and see;

Comp

¡quién lo ha visto y quién lo ve! it's amazing how much he's changed!;

Comp

si no lo veo, no lo creo I'd never have believed it if I hadn't seen it with my own eyes;

Comp

si te he visto no me acuerdo: pero ahora, si te he visto, no me acuerdo but now he/she/ etc doesn't want to know

2. [entender, apreciar, considerar] to see;

ya veo que estás de mal humor I can see you're in a bad mood;

¿no ves que trata de disculparse? can't you see o tell she's trying to apologize?;

¿ves lo que quiero decir? do you see what I mean?;

ahora lo veo todo claro now I understand everything;

a todo le ve pegas he sees problems in everything;

yo no le veo solución a este problema I can't see a solution to this problem;

¿tú cómo lo ves? how do you see it?;

yo lo veo así I see it this way o like this;

es una manera de ver las cosas that's one way of looking at it;

yo no lo veo tan mal I don't think it's that bad;

ahí donde la ves, era muy guapa de joven she was very pretty when she was young, you know;

dejarse ver (por un sitio) to show one's face (somewhere);

¿te gusta? – ¡a ver! do you like it? – of course I do!;

Comp

¡habráse visto!: ¡habráse visto qué cara dura/mal genio tiene! you'd never believe what a cheek/temper he has!;

Comp

¡hay que ver! [indica sorpresa] would you believe it!;
[indica indignación] it makes me mad!;
¡hay que ver qué lista es! you wouldn't believe how clever she is!;

¡hay que ver cuánto se gasta estando de vacaciones! it's amazing how much you spend when you're on Br holiday o US vacation!;

Comp

para que veas: no le tengo ningún rencor, ¡para que veas! I don't bear him any hard feelings, in case you were wondering;

Comp
Fam
no poder ver a alguien (ni en pintura): no lo puedo ver I can't stand (the sight of) him

3. [imaginar] to see;

ya veo tu foto en los periódicos I can (just) see your photo in the newspapers;

francamente, yo no la veo casada to be honest, I find it hard to see her getting married

4. [comprobar] to see;

ir a ver lo que pasa to go and see what's going on;

ve a ver si quedan cervezas go and see if o have a look if there are any beers left;

veré qué puedo hacer I'll see what I can do;

queda por ver si ésta es la mejor solución it remains to be seen whether this is the best solution;

eso está por ver, eso habrá que verlo that remains to be seen;

veamos let's see

5. [tratar, estudiar] [tema, problema] to look at;

el lunes veremos la lección 6 we'll do lesson 6 on Monday;

como ya hemos visto en anteriores capítulos… as we have seen in previous chapters…

6. [reconocer] [sujeto: médico, especialista] to have o take a look at;

necesitas que te vea un médico, Andes, RP [m5] hazte ver por un médico you ought to see a doctor;
Andes, RP
el televisor no funciona, tengo que hacerlo ver the television's not working, I must get someone to have a look at it o get it seen to

7. [visitar, citarse con] to see;

tienes que ir a ver al médico you ought to see the doctor;

ven a vernos cuando quieras come and see us any time you like;

mañana vamos a ver a mis padres we're seeing my parents tomorrow;

hace siglos que no la veo I haven't seen her for ages;

últimamente no los veo mucho I haven't seen much of them recently

8. Der [juzgar]
ver un caso to hear a case

9. [en juegos de naipes] to see;

las veo I'll see you

♦ vi

1. [percibir con los ojos] to see;

ver bien/mal to have good/poor eyesight;

no veo bien de cerca/de lejos I'm long-sighted/short-sighted;

¿ves bien ahí? can you see all right from there?;

Comp
Fam
que no veo: tengo un hambre/sueño que no veo I'm incredibly hungry/tired;

Comp
Fam
que no veas: hace un frío/calor que no veas it's incredibly cold/hot;

los vecinos arman un ruido que no veas the neighbours are unbelievably noisy;

Comp

hasta más ver [adiós] see you soon

2. [hacer la comprobación] to see;

la casa está en muy buenas condiciones – ya veo the house is in very good condition – so I see;

es muy sencillo, ya verás it's quite simple, you'll see;

creo que me queda uno en el almacén, iré a ver I think I have one left in the storeroom, I'll just go and see o look;

vendrá en el periódico – voy a ver it'll be in the newspaper – I'll go and see o look;

tú sigue sin estudiar y verás you'll soon see what happens if you carry on not studying;

¿ves?, te lo dije (you) see? I told you so;

Comp

ver para creer seeing is believing

3. [decidir]
¿lo harás? – ya veré will you do it? – I'll see;

ya veremos we'll see

4. [en juegos de naipes]
¡veo! I'll see you!

5. [como muletilla]
verás, tengo algo muy importante que decirte listen o look, I've got something very important to say to you;

¿qué ha pasado? – pues, verás, yo estaba… what happened? – well, you see, I was…

6.
a ver: a ver cuánto aguantas en esa postura let's see how long you can hold that position;

a ver cuándo vienes a vernos you must come and see us some time;

no subas al tejado, a ver si te vas a caer don't go up on the roof, you might fall;

¡a ver si tienes más cuidado con lo que dices! you should be a bit more careful what you say!;

¿a ver? [mirando con interés] let me see, let's have a look;
Col
¡a ver! [al teléfono] hello?;

a ver, ¿qué te pasa? let's see, what's wrong?;

a ver, antes de empezar… let's see, right, before starting…;

vamos a ver let's see

♦ See also the pronominal verb verse

* * *

ver

<part visto>

I v/t

1 L.Am. ( mirar) look at; televisión watch

2 see;

sin ser visto unseen, without being seen;

la vi ayer en la reunión I saw her yesterday at the meeting;

no puede verla fig he can’t stand the sight of her;

tengo un hambre que no veo fam I’m starving o

ravenous;

me lo veía venir I could see it coming;

te veo venir fig I know what you’re after

3 ( visitar)

:

fui a ver al médico I went to see the doctor

4 ( opinar)

:

¿cómo lo ves? what do you think?

5 ( entender)

:

me hizo ver que estaba equivocado she made me see that I was wrong;

¿(lo) ves? (do) you see?

6 JUR pleito hear

7

:

no tiene nada que ver con it doesn’t have anything to do with

II v/i

1 L.Am. ( mirar) look;

ve aquí dentro look in here

2 see;

no veo bien sin gafas I don’t see too well without my glasses

3 ( considerar)

:

está por ver that remains to be seen;

ya veremos we’ll see;

vamos a ver let’s see;

a ver let’s see, now then

4 locuciones

:

¡hay que ver! would you believe it!;

¡para que veas! so there!

* * *

ver {88} vt

1) : to see

vimos la película: we saw the movie

2) entender: to understand

ya lo veo: now I get it

3) examinar: to examine, to look into

lo veré: I'll take a look at it

4) juzgar: to see, to judge

a mi manera de ver: to my way of thinking

5) visitar: to meet with, to visit

6) averiguar: to find out

7)

a ver or

vamos a ver : let's see

ver vi

1) : to see

2) enterarse: to learn, to find out

3) entender: to understand

♦ See also the reflexive verb verse

* * *

ver vb

1. (en general) to see [pt. saw; pp. seen]

no veo nada I can't see a thing

ya he visto esta película I've already seen this film

voy a ver quién es I'll go and see who it is

2. (mirar) to watch

están viendo la tele they're watching TV

3. (parecer) to look

lo veo muy feliz he looks very happy

4. (considerar) to think [pt. & pp. thought]

veo difícil que mi equipo gane la liga I don't think my team will win the league

a ver let's see

a ver si I hope

no poder ver a alguien not to be able to stand someone

no puede ver a su vecino she can't stand her neighbour

veamos let's see

Spanish-English dictionary > ver
18 guardián

m.

guardian, guard, watchman, custodian.

* * *

guardián

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 guardian, keeper, custodian

* * *

(f. - guardiana)

noun

1) guardian

2) keeper

* * *

guardián, -ana
SM / F
1) (=defensor) guardian

2) (=guarda) warden, keeper (EEUU); (Zool) keeper; (=vigilante) watchman
perro 1., 1)
* * *

- diana masculino, femenino

a) ( de edificio) (security) guard

b) (protector, defensor) guardian

* * *

= custodian, curator, guardian, storekeeper, gatekeeper, steward, guard dog, sentinel, warden, safekeeper [sake-keeper].

Ex. This article maintains that archivists as custodians of the records have an ethical obligation to support the freest possible access to public records.

Ex. Altick refers to himself as 'a pursuer of truth' and to his audience of librarians as ' curators and disseminators of truth'.

Ex. And so, the public library came in time to be viewed as a guardian of the people's right to know = Y así pues, la biblioteca pública con el tiempo se llegó considerar como protectora del derecho de la gente a saber.

Ex. Certainly the last thing we want is that books be shut up in tastefully decorated warehouses, watched over by highly trained storekeepers whose main purpose is to see that everything is kept tidily in its place and, as far as possible, untouched by human hands -- especially the sticky-fingered hands of marauding children.

Ex. Research has shown that many people get their 'updates' from someone called 'the gatekeeper'.

Ex. This article explores whether the archivist is a steward for some wider amorphous body including past and future generations.

Ex. A guard dog perspective is offered as a way to better understand the functioning of the mass media as an important set of communication agencies in the social system.

Ex. The quintessential expression of this ideal is our amazing public library system -- for which we must specially thank all thousands of dedicated librarians throughout America whom one of my predecessors called our ' sentinels of liberty.

Ex. Carers and wardens are encouraged to involve themselves in the service.

Ex. Libraries find themselves frustrated in their role as safekeepers of science: how can they ensure optimal access and availability if they do not control the access systems?.

* * *

- diana masculino, femenino

a) ( de edificio) (security) guard

b) (protector, defensor) guardian

* * *

= custodian, curator, guardian, storekeeper, gatekeeper, steward, guard dog, sentinel, warden, safekeeper [sake-keeper].

Ex: This article maintains that archivists as custodians of the records have an ethical obligation to support the freest possible access to public records.

Ex: Altick refers to himself as 'a pursuer of truth' and to his audience of librarians as ' curators and disseminators of truth'.

Ex: And so, the public library came in time to be viewed as a guardian of the people's right to know = Y así pues, la biblioteca pública con el tiempo se llegó considerar como protectora del derecho de la gente a saber.

Ex: Certainly the last thing we want is that books be shut up in tastefully decorated warehouses, watched over by highly trained storekeepers whose main purpose is to see that everything is kept tidily in its place and, as far as possible, untouched by human hands -- especially the sticky-fingered hands of marauding children.

Ex: Research has shown that many people get their 'updates' from someone called 'the gatekeeper'.

Ex: This article explores whether the archivist is a steward for some wider amorphous body including past and future generations.

Ex: A guard dog perspective is offered as a way to better understand the functioning of the mass media as an important set of communication agencies in the social system.

Ex: The quintessential expression of this ideal is our amazing public library system -- for which we must specially thank all thousands of dedicated librarians throughout America whom one of my predecessors called our ' sentinels of liberty.

Ex: Carers and wardens are encouraged to involve themselves in the service.

Ex: Libraries find themselves frustrated in their role as safekeepers of science: how can they ensure optimal access and availability if they do not control the access systems?.

* * *

guardián - diana

masculine, feminine

1 (de un edificio) security guard, guard

2 (protector, defensor) guardian

* * *

guardián
◊ - diana sustantivo masculino, femenino

a) ( de un edificio) security guard, guard

b) (protector, defensor) guardian

guardián,-ana sustantivo masculino y femenino watchman, watchwoman
perro guardián, watchdog
' guardián' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ángel
- guarda
- guardiana
- tutor
- tutora
- perro
English:
custodian
- guard dog
- guardian
- warden
- watchdog
- guard
- watch

* * *

guardián, -ana

♦ adj

ángel guardián guardian angel

♦ nm,f
[de persona] guardian; [de cosa] watchman, keeper;
los guardianes de la fe the keepers of the faith

* * *

guardián

I adj

:

perro guardián guard dog

II m, guardiana f guard; fig

guardian

* * *

guardián, - diana n, mpl guardianes

1) guarda: security guard, watchman

2) : guardian, keeper

3)

perro guardián : watchdog

* * *

guardián n guardian

Spanish-English dictionary > guardián
19 view

1. n

1) вид; вигляд; пейзаж; зображення; краєвид

a house with a view of the sea — будинок з видом на море

2) поле зору, кругозір, круговид; видимість

to be in view — бути видимим; передбачатися

we came in view of the bridge — ми побачили міст; нас стало видно з мосту

to have (to keep) in view — не спускати з очей, тримати в полі зору; мати на увазі

out of view — поза полем зору

to the view — у всіх на виду, відкрито

to pass from smb.'s view — зникати з чиїхось очей

3) погляд, думка, точка зору; судження

in my view — на мій погляд, на мою думку

to hold extreme views — додержуватися крайніх поглядів

the scientific view of the world — науковий світогляд

4) намір, мета; задум, план

in view — з метою, з наміром

will this meet your views? — чи відповідає це вашим намірам?

to have other views for smth. — мати інші плани щодо чогось

to have views on smth. — розраховувати на щось

with the view of (to) — з наміром, з метою

5) огляд, перегляд

on view — виставлений для огляду

to have a view of — оглядати, обдивлятися

private view — закритий перегляд

6) юр. огляд присяжними місця злочину

7) аспект, сторона, вид

top view — вид згори

perspective view — перспектива

8) резюме, огляд, висновок

9) зовнішність, зовнішній вигляд

in view of — зважаючи на щось, через щось

in view of recent developments — у зв'язку з останніми подіями

with a view to — з наміром

with a view to preventing (to prevent) a catastrophe — щоб відвернути катастрофу

view day — попередній (закритий) перегляд (кінофільму, виставки тощо)

view slit — військ. оглядова щілина (в танку тощо)

2. v

1) оглядати, обдивлятися; дивитися

to view pictures — оглядати картини

to view the body — юр. зробити огляд трупа

2) поет. бачити, побачити

3) розглядати; оцінювати; судити, мати судження

he views the matter in a different light — він інакше дивиться на це

4) дивитися (телевізор)

* * *
I [vjuː] n.
1) вид, пейзаж, панорама; a room wіth a view of the mountaіns кімната з видом на гори

2) вид, пейзаж, зображення (малюнок, картина, фотознімок); to do [to take] a view of smth. малювати [фотографувати] що-н.

3) видимість, поле зору (тж. fіeld ofview); angle of view кут зору; out of view поза полем зору; out of human view недоступний людському оку; to the view відкрито, на очах, в усіх на очах; to rіse to view з’явитися, стати перед очима; to burst іnto /upon the/ view раптово з’явитися; to fade from view поступово зникнути, щезнути з очей; іn view на очах; у межах видимості [див. тж. 6]; to come іn view (of) побачити; потрапити в поле зору; he came іn view or the castle а) він побачив замок; його стало видно з замку; land іn view земля ( видно землю)!; he fell off the horse іn full view of hіs frіends він упав з коня на очах у друзів

4) погляд, думка, судження; точка зору (тж. poіnt or view); exchange of view s обмін думками; іn my view по-моєму; на мій погляд; to state one’s views m /about/ smth. викласти /висловити/ свою думку /своє розуміння/ про що-н.; pl. погляди, переконання; tо hold extreme views іn polіtіcs дотримувати екстремістських політичних поглядів

5) оцінка, судження, уявлення; the scіentіfіc view of the world науковий світогляд; to take a favourable view of smth. позитивно оцінити что-л.; to take a grave view of smth. строго засудити що-н., різко негативно поставитися до чого-н.; hіs view іs that we are wrong він вважає, що ми неправі

6) ціль, намір; план, припущення, задум; іn view з метою, з наміром; do you have anythіng іn view for tomorrowº які у вас плани на завтраº; he dіd іt wіth a view to /wіth the view of/ savіng trouble він зробив це для того, щоб уникнути неприємностей; the law has two objects іn view закон має дві мети; у надії, з розрахунком; [див. тж. 3]; to have -s on a rіch man’s daughter мати плани щодо багатої нареченої; І have view s on a meal at the next town я розраховую пообідати в найближчому місті

7) перспектива; майбутнє, що передбачається; to muster troops wіth a view to іmmіnent war мобілізувати війська в передбаченні неминучої війни; to keep /to have/ smth. іn view мати що-н. на увазі, розраховувати на що-н.; wіth no view of success ніякої перспективи на успіх; no alteratіons are іn view ніяких змін не передбачається; іn the long view у перспективі, у віддаленому майбутньому; іn the short view з точки зору найближчих результатів; to take the long view виявляти передбачливість /далекоглядність/, піклуватися про майбутнє; to take short views виявляти недалекоглядність, не думати про майбутнє, не загадувати на майбутнє

8) огляд, перегляд, огляд; a prіvate view вернісаж; on view виставлений для огляду; the latest fashіons are now on view зараз демонструються останні моди; at fіrst view з першого погляду; the fіrst view would dіsplease many на перший погляд це багатьом, ймовірно, не сподобається; І should lіke to get a nearer view of іt я хотів би розглянути це ближче; the ruіn іs well worth our view ці руїни варто подивитися; юр. огляд присяжними місця злочину ; the jury had a view or the body присяжні зробили огляд тіла

9) вид, аспект, сторона, план; перспектива; проекція; front view вид попереду; top view вид зверху; спец. вигляд у плані; dіstant view кіно далекий чи віддалений план ( пейзажу); sectіonal view вигляд у розрізі; general view спец. загальний план; perspectіve view спец. вигляд у перспективі, перспектива; close view зображення великим планом; exploded view тривимірне /стереоскопічне/ зображення; зображення якого-н. предмета в розібраному вигляді; he presented quіte a new view of the affaіr он презентував справу в зовсім новому світлі /плані, вигляді, аспекті/; він показав справу з зовсім іншої сторони

10) резюме; огляд; the author gave abrіef view of hіs book автор дав резюме своєї книги; автор коротенько розповів зміст своєї книги

11) військ. огляд; radar view зона огляду радіолокатора; aіr view огляд з повітря; all-round/panoramіc/ view круговий огляд; іn view of через (що-н.); беручи до уваги (що-н.); враховуючи (що-н.), з огляду на (що-н.); у зв’язку з (чим-н.); іn view of recent developments, we do not thіnk thіs step advіsable через останні події /з огляду на останні події/ ми вважаємо цей крок недоцільним; a bіrd’s-eye view (of smth.) а) вид із пташиного польоту /зверху/ (на що-н.); б) поверхневий, неглибокий погляд, уявлення ; a worm’s-eye view детальне, реалістичне уявлення (про що-н.)
II [vjuː] v.
1) оглядати, дивитися; to view a house and grounds оглянути будинок та ділянку; to view pіctures розглядати /дивитися/ картини; to view the body юр. зробити огляд тіла; order to view дозвіл на огляд (будинку, ділянки)

2) розглядати у певному світлі, оцінювати, судити; the proposal іs viewed unfavourably пропозиція отримала негативну оцінку; he іs viewed unfavourably його вважають поганою людиною; the subject may be viewed іn dіfferent ways до цього питання можна підходити з різних сторін

3) вивчати, розглядати; to view all sіdes of a questіon розглянути всі аспекти питання, розглянути питання у всіх аспектах

4) бачити; поет. побачити; зріти

5) дивитися (телевізор, кінофільм)

English-Ukrainian dictionary > view
20 clave

adj.

key (fundamental, esencial).

es una fecha clave para la empresa it's a crucial date for the company

f.

1 code.

en clave in code

nos mandaron los mensajes en clave they sent us the messages in code, they sent us coded messages

clave de acceso access code

2 key.

la clave de la felicidad/del éxito the key to happiness/success

3 clef (Music).

clave de fa bass clef

clave de sol treble clef

Clave de Fa F clef

4 password (computing).

5 key element, key, core element, crucial element.

6 harpsichord.

7 keystone.

m.

harpsichord (Music).

pres.subj.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: clavar.

* * *

clave

► nombre femenino

1 (de un enigma etc) key, clue

■ la clave del éxito the key to success

2 (de signos) code, key, cipher

■ un mensaje en clave a coded message

3 MÚSICA key

■ en clave de sol in the key of G

4 ARQUITECTURA keystone

► nombre masculino

1 (instrumento) harpsichord

► adjetivo

1 (importante) key

■ el hombre clave es el ministro de Hacienda the key man is the Chancellor of the Exchequer

* * *
1. adj.
key
2. noun f.
1) key

2) code

3) clef

* * *

1. SF

1) (=código) code

la clave de la caja fuerte — the code of o to the safe

la clave secreta — the secret code

en clave — in code

hablan en clave — they speak in code

mensaje en clave — coded message, message in code

clave de acceso — (Inform) password

clave de búsqueda — (Inform) search key

clave de clasificación — (Inform) sort key

2) (=quid) key

la clave del problema — the key to the problem

una de las claves para entender el tema — one of the keys to understanding the subject

3) (Mús) clef

clave de fa — bass clef

clave de sol — treble clef

4) (=sentido)

una interpretación en clave económica — an economic interpretation, an interpretation from an economic viewpoint o perspective

una novela escrita en clave de humor — a novel written in a humorous style o tone

5) (Arquit) keystone

2.

SM (Mús) harpsichord

3.

ADJ (=esencial) [tema, punto, factor, personaje] key antes de s

una figura clave en la política catalana — a key figure in Catalan politics

cuestión clave — key question

palabra clave — keyword

* * *
I
adjetivo (pl clave or - ves) key (before n)
II
femenino

1)

a) ( código) code

en clave — in code

b) (de problema, misterio) key

- clave de usuario

2) (Mús) clef

clave de fa/sol — bass/treble clef

3) (Arquit) keystone
III
masculino harpsichord

* * *

= key, key, keystone, linchpin, cipher, critical.

Ex. Note that this is a wide-ranging definition which permits a cataloguer to regard any group which works together and has a name (the name is the key) as a corporate body.

Ex. This meeting brought together representatives of the key organizations in the community.

Ex. These, then, are keystones to labor relations today.

Ex. Staff are the organisation's communication gatekeepers, they are linchpins in the change process and determine the effectiveness of the communication process.

Ex. Mysterious Latin ciphers, such as s.l. and s.n. (in brackets, of course), that could well make ordinary plebes feel like dummies.

Ex. Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.

----

* búsqueda de palabras clave = keyword search.

* clave compuesta = acronym key.

* clave de acceso = password.

* clave de búsqueda = search key.

* clave de búsqueda derivado = derived search key.

* clave de búsqueda por el título = title key.

* clave de búsqueda por nombre de autor = author key.

* clave de búsqueda truncada = truncated key.

* clave de búsqueda truncada derivada = truncated derived search key.

* clave de codificación = scrambling key.

* clave de descodificación = unscrambling key.

* clave del éxito = key success factor, key to success.

* clave de longitud fija = fixed-length key.

* clave de longitud variable = variable-length key.

* componente clave = building block.

* cuestiones clave = key issues.

* elemento clave = building block.

* entrada por palabra clave del título = catchword entry.

* estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.

* factor clave = key success factor, key factor.

* índice KWIC (Palabra Clave en su Contexto) = KWIC (Keyword-in-Context).

* índice KWIT (Palabra Clave del Título) = KWIT (Keyword-in-Title).

* índice KWOC (Palabra Clave fuera de su Contexto) = KWOC (Keyword-Out-of-Context).

* índice permutado de palabras clave = permuted keyword index.

* indización por palabras clave del título = catchword indexing, catchword title indexing.

* la clave de = at the heart of.

* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* lista de palabras clave = go-list [golist].

* lista permutada de palabras clave = permuted keyword list.

* momento clave = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.

* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.

* palabra clave = keyword [key word].

* pieza clave = cornerstone [corner-stone], building block.

* pieza clave que falta = missing piece.

* punto clave = key point.

* ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.

* ser la clave de = hold + the key to.

* título clave = key title.

* * *
I
adjetivo (pl clave or - ves) key (before n)
II
femenino

1)

a) ( código) code

en clave — in code

b) (de problema, misterio) key

- clave de usuario

2) (Mús) clef

clave de fa/sol — bass/treble clef

3) (Arquit) keystone
III
masculino harpsichord

* * *

= key, key, keystone, linchpin, cipher, critical.

Ex: Note that this is a wide-ranging definition which permits a cataloguer to regard any group which works together and has a name (the name is the key) as a corporate body.

Ex: This meeting brought together representatives of the key organizations in the community.

Ex: These, then, are keystones to labor relations today.

Ex: Staff are the organisation's communication gatekeepers, they are linchpins in the change process and determine the effectiveness of the communication process.

Ex: Mysterious Latin ciphers, such as s.l. and s.n. (in brackets, of course), that could well make ordinary plebes feel like dummies.

Ex: Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.

* búsqueda de palabras clave = keyword search.

* clave compuesta = acronym key.

* clave de acceso = password.

* clave de búsqueda = search key.

* clave de búsqueda derivado = derived search key.

* clave de búsqueda por el título = title key.

* clave de búsqueda por nombre de autor = author key.

* clave de búsqueda truncada = truncated key.

* clave de búsqueda truncada derivada = truncated derived search key.

* clave de codificación = scrambling key.

* clave de descodificación = unscrambling key.

* clave del éxito = key success factor, key to success.

* clave de longitud fija = fixed-length key.

* clave de longitud variable = variable-length key.

* componente clave = building block.

* cuestiones clave = key issues.

* elemento clave = building block.

* entrada por palabra clave del título = catchword entry.

* estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.

* factor clave = key success factor, key factor.

* índice KWIC (Palabra Clave en su Contexto) = KWIC (Keyword-in-Context).

* índice KWIT (Palabra Clave del Título) = KWIT (Keyword-in-Title).

* índice KWOC (Palabra Clave fuera de su Contexto) = KWOC (Keyword-Out-of-Context).

* índice permutado de palabras clave = permuted keyword index.

* indización por palabras clave del título = catchword indexing, catchword title indexing.

* la clave de = at the heart of.

* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* lista de palabras clave = go-list [golist].

* lista permutada de palabras clave = permuted keyword list.

* momento clave = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.

* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.

* palabra clave = keyword [key word].

* pieza clave = cornerstone [corner-stone], building block.

* pieza clave que falta = missing piece.

* punto clave = key point.

* ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.

* ser la clave de = hold + the key to.

* título clave = key title.

* * *

clave¹

adjective

(pl clave or - ves)

key ( before n)

un autor/una obra clave de la literatura mexicana a key author/work in Mexican literature

los sectores clave(s) de la economía the key sectors of the economy

clave²

feminine

A

1 (código) code

transmitir en clave to transmit in code

un mensaje en clave a coded message, a message in code

2 (de un problema, misterio) key

Compuestos:

● clave de acceso

( Inf) password

● clave de bóveda

A ( Arquit) keystone

B (fundamento, base) cornerstone

● clave de búsqueda

( Inf) key word

● clave de clasificación

( Inf) sort key

● clave secreta

( Inf) password

número de clave secreta (Chi, Per); PIN number

● clave de usuario

( AmL) user's password

● clave LADA

( Méx) ( Tel) area code

B (signo) clef

clave de fa/sol bass/treble clef

no quiso que su visita se interpretase únicamente en clave económica he did not wish his visit to be viewed as being motivated purely by economic factors

C ( Arquit) keystone

clave³

masculine

harpsichord

* * *

Del verbo clavar: ( conjugate clavar)

clavé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

clave es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
clavar
clave
clavar ( conjugate clavar) verbo transitivo
1
a) clave algo en algo ‹ clavo› to hammer sth into sth;

‹puñal/cuchillo› to stick sth in sth;
‹ estaca› to drive sth into sth;
◊ me clavó los dientes/las uñas he sank his teeth/dug his nails into me

b) ‹cartel/estante› to put up (with nails, etc)

c) ‹ojos/vista› to fix … on

2 (fam)
a) ( cobrar caro) to rip … off (colloq);

◊ nos claveon $10,000 they stung us for $10,000

b) (CS) ( engañar) to cheat

c) (Méx) ( robar) to swipe (colloq), to filch (colloq)

clavarse verbo pronominal
1
a) ‹ aguja› to stick … into one's finger (o thumb etc);

◊ me clavé una espina en el dedo I got a thorn in my finger

b) ( refl) ‹cuchillo/puñal›:

◊ se clavó el puñal en el pecho he plunged the dagger into his chest

2 (CS fam) clavese con algo ( por no poder venderlo) to get stuck with sth (colloq);
( por ser mala compra):
◊ se clavó con el auto que compró the car turned out to be a bad buy

3 (Méx) (Dep) to dive
clave adjetivo (pl
◊ clave or -ves) key ( before n);

un factor clave a key factor
■ sustantivo femenino
a) ( código) code;

◊ en clave in code;

clave de acceso (Inf) password
b) (de problema, misterio) key

c) (Mús) clef;

◊ clave de fa/sol bass/treble clef

■ sustantivo masculino
harpsichord
clavar
I verbo transitivo
1 (con un martillo) to hammer in
(sujetar con clavos) to nail
2 (una estaca) to drive in
3 familiar (cobrar demasiado) to sting o fleece: nos clavaron dos mil por un simple desayuno, they stung us two thousand pesetas for a breakfast
clave
I sustantivo femenino
1 (meollo, pista) key
2 (código, cifra) code, cipher
clave numérica, numerical code
3 Mús (tono) key
(símbolo) clef
II sustantivo masculino Mús harpsichord
' clave' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alma
- codificar
- encerrar
- realidad
- cifra
- clavar
English:
bass
- cipher
- clef
- clue
- code
- code name
- issue
- key
- operative
- treble clef
- pass
- treble

* * *

clave

♦ adj inv
[fundamental, esencial] key;
es una fecha clave para la empresa it's a crucial date for the company;

el factor clave de la política económica the key factor in economic policy

♦ nm
Mús harpsichord
♦ nf

1. [código] code;

en clave in code;

nos mandaron los mensajes en clave they sent us the messages in code, they sent us coded messages

Comp
clave de acceso access code
2. [de sistema informático] password;
[de caja fuerte] combination
3. [solución] key;

la clave del éxito está en una buena planificación the key to success is good planning

4. [interpretación]
un estudio en clave política de la situación a study of the situation from a political standpoint;

interpreta la obra en clave sociológica she interprets the work from a sociological point of view o perspective;

analiza en clave de humor la realidad del país he puts a humorous slant on his analysis of the country's situation

5. Mús clef

Comp
clave de fa bass clef;
clave de sol treble clef

6. Arquit keystone

* * *

clave

I f

1 de problema key

2 ( código) code;

en clave in code

II adj importante key;

figura clave key figure;

puesto clave key post

III m MÚS harpsichord

* * *

clave adj

: key, essential

clave nf

1) cifra: code

2) : key

la clave del misterio: the key to the mystery

3) : clef

4) : keystone

* * *

clave n

1. (código) code

el espía usaba una clave para enviar mensajes al enemigo the spy used a code to send messages to the enemy

el morse es un lenguaje en clave morse is a code language

2. (información, dato) key

la clave de su éxito the key to her success

el libro lleva una clave de ejercicios al final the answers are at the back of the book

Spanish-English dictionary > clave

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